What is a network? Why are computers connected in a network?
What are the benefits of using a network? What are the drawbacks of using a network?
What types of networks are there? What is the difference between a LAN and a WAN?
What is routing? What is a modem?

 

To share resources such as printers, files, and internet connection. A network is a group of interconnected devices.
Security risks, dependency on the network, and potential for technical issues. Increased efficiency, easy collaboration, and resource sharing.
A LAN is a network of devices in a small area such as a home or office, while a WAN is a network that spans a larger physical distance. There are LANs (Local Area Networks), WANs (Wide Area Networks), and WLANs (Wireless Local Area Networks).
A modem is a device that converts digital signals from a computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over a phone line or cable. Routing is the process by which data is forwarded from one network to another.

 

What is a firewall? What is the internet?
What are the three types of networks students should understand in this lesson? What is a client-server model?
What is a peer-to-peer model? What is the advantage of a LAN?
What is the disadvantage of a LAN? What is the advantage of a WAN?

 

The internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks. A firewall is a security system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network.
A network model where one computer acts as the host and the others are clients who access the host computer's resources. LAN, WAN, PAN
Fast transfer speeds and fewer connectivity issues. A network model where computers are connected on an equal footing, without a central server.
Large coverage area Limited range

 

What is the disadvantage of a WAN? What is the advantage of a PAN?
What is the disadvantage of a PAN? What is a LAN?
What is a WAN? What is a PAN?
What is the difference between a LAN and a WAN? What are the different usage models in networks?

 

Easy and cheap to set up. Slower transfer speeds and high setup costs.
Local Area Network. Limited range and low transfer speeds.
Personal Area Network. Wide Area Network.
Client-server and peer-to-peer. LAN is a network limited to a small area, while WAN covers a large geographical area.

 

What is the main difference between client-server and peer-to-peer models? What is the difference between wired and wireless connectivity?
How does data travel in a wired connection? What are the various wireless technologies available?
What are the advantages of wired connections? What are the disadvantages of wired connections?
What are the advantages of wireless connections? What are the disadvantages of wireless connections?

 

Wired connectivity uses physical cables for transmitting data, while wireless connectivity uses radio waves. In client-server, a computer acts as a host and others access its resources. In peer-to-peer, all computers are on equal footing.
There are multiple wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, 4G, 5G, etc. Data travels through copper or fiber optic cables in a wired connection.
Wired connections can be expensive to install and are limited by cable length. Wired connections are generally more reliable, have faster data transfer speeds, and are more secure.
Wireless connections can be slower, less reliable, and more susceptible to interference and security risks. Wireless connections offer convenience and mobility, are easier to install, and allow multiple devices to connect to them.

 

What is a LAN? What is a WAN?
What is a router? What is a modem?
What is a hotspot? What is a repeater?
What is a firewall? What are network protocols?

 

A WAN (Wide Area Network) is a network that connects computers and devices over a large geographical area like multiple cities or countries. A LAN (Local Area Network) is a network that connects computers and devices in a small area like a home or office building.
A modem is a device that modulates and demodulates a digital signal for transmitting data over communication channels like cable or telephone lines. A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.
A repeater is a device that amplifies and re-transmits wireless signals to extend their coverage area. A hotspot is a physical location where people can access wireless internet, typically using a Wi-Fi enabled device like a smartphone or laptop.
Network protocols are a set of rules that defines how devices communicate over a network. A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

 

What is the importance of network protocols? Can you name some common network protocols?
What is TCP/IP? What is HTTP?
What is DNS? What is FTP?
How do network protocols work? How are network protocols developed?

 

Some common network protocols include TCP/IP, HTTP, DNS, and FTP. Network protocols ensure that data is transmitted and received correctly, and they play a crucial role in enabling communication between devices.
HTTP is a protocol that is used to transmit web pages over the internet. TCP/IP is a suite of communication protocols that is used to connect network devices over the internet.
FTP is a protocol that is used to transfer files between computers on a network. DNS is a protocol that is used to translate domain names into IP addresses.
Network protocols are developed by standardizing bodies such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Network protocols work by defining a common language that devices can use to communicate with one another.

 

What are some examples of network protocols in action? What happens if network protocols are not followed?
How do network protocols ensure security? What is the OSI model?
What are the layers of the OSI model? What is data transmission?
Why are layered protocol stacks used in data transmission? What are the four layers of the TCP/IP model?

 

If network protocols are not followed, data may be lost or corrupted, and communication between devices may fail. Examples of network protocols in action include sending an email, browsing the web, and transferring files.
The OSI model is a conceptual model that is used to describe the layers of communication in a network. Network protocols can ensure security by encrypting data transmission and authenticating network users.
Data transmission refers to the process of sending digital data from one device to another. The layers of the OSI model include the physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and application layer.
The TCP/IP model consists of the application layer, transport layer, internet layer, and network access layer. Layered protocol stacks are used to make the data transmission process more efficient and manageable. Each layer has a specific function that contributes to the overall transmission process.

 

What is the most commonly used protocol in the transport layer? What is the purpose of the internet layer?
What is the primary function of the network access layer? What is the purpose of the application layer?
What is a socket in data transmission? What is packet loss in data transmission?
What is the role of the checksum in data transmission? What is the purpose of the SYN/ACK protocol?

 

The internet layer is responsible for addressing and routing data packets across multiple networks. The most commonly used protocol in the transport layer is the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
The application layer provides services to end-user applications, such as email, web browsing, and file transfers. The network access layer is responsible for transmitting data between devices on the same network.
Packet loss refers to the failure of one or more data packets to reach their intended destination. A socket is a combination of an IP address and a port number that specifies a unique endpoint for transmitting data.
The SYN/ACK protocol is used to establish a connection between two devices in the transmission process. The checksum is used to ensure the integrity of data by verifying that the receiver has received the data correctly.

 

What is the difference between a hub and a switch in network access? What is the role of the router in the internet layer?
What is the difference between TCP and UDP? What is the maximum size of a TCP segment?
What is a network topology? What are the different types of network topologies?
What is a Bus topology? What is a Star topology?

 

The router is responsible for directing data packets between different networks. A hub broadcasts data to all devices on a network, while a switch directs data only to the device that is intended to receive it.
The maximum size of a TCP segment is 65,535 bytes. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that guarantees the delivery of data, while UDP is a connectionless protocol that does not guarantee delivery.
The different types of network topologies are Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh, Tree, and Hybrid. A network topology is the arrangement of nodes in a communication network.
A Star topology is a network topology in which all the nodes are connected to a central node, called a hub. A Bus topology is a network topology in which all the nodes share a common communication line, called a bus.

 

What is a Ring topology? What is a Mesh topology?
What is a Tree topology? What are the advantages of a Bus topology?
What are the disadvantages of a Bus topology? What are the advantages of a Star topology?
What are the disadvantages of a Star topology? What are the advantages of a Ring topology?

 

A Mesh topology is a network topology in which each node is connected to every other node forming a complete network. A Ring topology is a network topology in which each node is connected to two neighboring nodes forming a circular structure.
The advantages of a Bus topology are simplicity, low cost, and reliability. A Tree topology is a network topology in which nodes are arranged in a hierarchy, with parent nodes and child nodes.
The advantages of a Star topology are high bandwidth, easy to install and manage, and high reliability. The disadvantages of a Bus topology are low bandwidth and limited scalability.
The advantages of a Ring topology are high speed, simplicity, and low cost. The disadvantages of a Star topology are high cost and dependence on the central hub.

 

What are the disadvantages of a Ring topology? What are the advantages of a Mesh topology?
What are the disadvantages of a Mesh topology? What are the advantages of a Tree topology?
What are the disadvantages of a Tree topology? What is the difference between 3G and 4G mobile communication standards?
What is the speed of 3G? What is the speed of 4G?

 

The advantages of a Mesh topology are high reliability and scalability, and no single point of failure. The disadvantages of a Ring topology are limited scalability and failure of one node can affect the whole network.
The advantages of a Tree topology are scalability, easy to manage and troubleshoot, and segmentation of network. The disadvantages of a Mesh topology are high cost and complexity.
3G has slower internet speeds compared to 4G. The disadvantages of a Tree topology are high cost and dependence on the root node.
The speed of 4G can reach up to 100 Mbps. The speed of 3G varies from 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps.

 

What is the maximum speed of 4G? What is LTE?
What is the difference between LTE and 4G? What is the difference between GSM and CDMA?
What is 5G? What are the advancements made in 5G?
What is the difference between 4G and 5G? What is latency?

 

LTE stands for Long Term Evolution and it is the technology used for 4G. The maximum speed of 4G can reach up to 1 Gbps.
GSM and CDMA are different types of mobile communication technologies. LTE is a type of 4G technology.
5G has faster internet speeds, lower latency, and can support more devices. 5G is the fifth generation of mobile communication technology.
Latency is the time it takes for data to travel from one point to another. 5G has faster internet speeds and lower latency compared to 4G.

 

What is a mobile communication standard? What is HSPA?
What is EVDO? What are the advantages of 4G?
What is a computer network? Why are computer networks used?
What are the different types of computer networks? What is a LAN?

 

HSPA stands for High Speed Packet Access and it is a type of 3G technology. A mobile communication standard is a set of guidelines and rules that dictate how mobile devices communicate with each other.
4G has faster internet speeds, lower latency, and can support more devices compared to 3G. EVDO stands for Evolution Data Only and it is a type of 3G technology.
Computer networks are used to share resources such as printers and files, to communicate with others, and to access information online. A computer network is a group of computers and other devices connected together to share resources and communicate with each other.
A LAN is a type of computer network that covers a small geographic area, such as a home, office, or building. The different types of computer networks include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wireless networks.

 

What is a WAN? What is a MAN?
What is a wireless network? What are the benefits of using a computer network?
What are the disadvantages of using a computer network? What is wired connectivity?
What is wireless connectivity? Can you give an example of wired connectivity?

 

A MAN is a type of computer network that covers a metropolitan area, such as a city or town. A WAN is a type of computer network that covers a large geographic area, such as a city, country, or even the world.
The benefits of using a computer network include sharing resources, communicating with others, accessing information online, and increasing productivity. A wireless network is a type of computer network that uses radio waves instead of cables to connect devices.
Wired connectivity refers to connections made through physical wires or cables. The disadvantages of using a computer network include security risks, maintenance costs, and the need for specialized knowledge.
Examples of wired connectivity include ethernet cables, USB cables, and HDMI cables. Wireless connectivity refers to connections made over the air and without physical wires.

 

Can you give an example of wireless connectivity? What are the advantages of wired connectivity?
What are the advantages of wireless connectivity? What are the disadvantages of wired connectivity?
What are the disadvantages of wireless connectivity? What is the difference between wired and wireless connectivity?
What is bandwidth? How does bandwidth affect connectivity?

 

Wired connections offer faster and more reliable data transfer, better security, and higher bandwidth. Examples of wireless connectivity include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular networks.
Wired connections can be less convenient, require physical connections, and may not be available in all locations. Wireless connections offer convenience, flexibility, and mobility.
Wired connectivity uses physical wires or cables to transmit data, while wireless connectivity uses radio waves or other wireless signals. Wireless connections can be slower and less reliable, subject to interference and signal loss, and may be less secure.
Higher bandwidth can result in faster and more reliable connectivity, while lower bandwidth can result in slower and less reliable connectivity. Bandwidth refers to the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted over a network connection in a given amount of time.

 

What is latency? How does latency affect connectivity?
What is a router? What is a modem?
What is an access point? What is a network?
What is a LAN? What is a WAN?

 

Higher latency can result in slower and less responsive connectivity, while lower latency can result in faster and more responsive connectivity. Latency refers to the amount of time it takes for data to travel between its source and destination over a network connection.
A modem is a device that connects a computer or other device to the internet or other network using a wired or wireless connection. A router is a network device that connects multiple devices together and routes data between them.
A network is a collection of connected devices that can communicate and share resources with each other. An access point is a device that allows wireless devices to connect to a network.
A WAN, or wide area network, is a network that connects devices over a large geographic area, such as across multiple cities or countries. A LAN, or local area network, is a network that connects devices in a small geographic area, such as a home or office building.

 

What is data speed? What are the units used to measure data speed?
How do you measure data speed? What is the difference between Mbps and Gbps?
Why is data speed important? What can affect data speed?
What is a good data speed? How do you improve data speed?

 

The units used to measure data speed are megabits per second (Mbps) and gigabits per second (Gbps). Data speed refers to how quickly data can be transmitted and received over a network.
Mbps (megabits per second) is a unit used to measure data transfer speed of one million bits per second, while Gbps (gigabits per second) is a unit used to measure data transfer speed of one billion bits per second. Therefore, Gbps is faster than Mbps. Data speed can be measured using a speed test tool that measures the download and upload speed of a network connection.
Data speed can be affected by various factors such as network congestion, distance from the server, and the type of network connection (wired or wireless). Data speed is important because it affects the performance and quality of online communication, such as video streaming, online gaming, and file downloads.
Data speed can be improved by upgrading to a faster internet plan, connecting to the internet using a wired connection instead of a wireless connection, and reducing the number of devices using the same network connection. A good data speed depends on the type of online activity you are doing. For example, browsing the web requires a lower speed than online gaming or video streaming. Generally, a speed of at least 10 Mbps is considered good for most online activities.

 

What is the maximum data speed? What is latency?
What is the role of network protocols in communication between devices? What are the common network protocols?
Why do we need network protocols? What is Ethernet®?
What is Wi-Fi? What is TCP/IP?

 

Latency refers to the delay between when data is sent and when it is received. It is measured in milliseconds (ms) and can affect the performance of online activities such as online gaming and video conferencing. The maximum data speed depends on the type of network connection and technology used. For example, the maximum data speed for a wired Ethernet connection is 100 Gbps, while the maximum data speed for a wireless Wi-Fi connection is around 1.7 Gbps.
The common network protocols are Ethernet®, Wi-Fi, TCP/IP, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, email (POP3, SMTP, IMAP) Network protocols ensure that devices are able to communicate with each other by defining a set of rules and guidelines for data transmission.
Ethernet® is a widely used networking technology for transmitting data over wired networks. We need network protocols to ensure the accuracy and security of data transmission.
TCP/IP is a set of protocols that enable communication between devices on the internet. Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that enables devices to connect to the internet and other devices.

 

What is HTTP? What is HTTPS?
What is FTP? What are the different email protocols?
What is POP3? What is SMTP?
What is IMAP? How do network protocols ensure data transmission accuracy?

 

HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP, which ensures that data is transmitted securely. HTTP is a protocol used for transmitting data over the internet.
The different email protocols are POP3, SMTP, and IMAP. FTP is a protocol used for transferring files between servers and clients on a network.
SMTP is a protocol used for sending email messages. POP3 is a protocol used for receiving email messages.
Network protocols ensure data transmission accuracy by providing error checking mechanisms and flow control. IMAP is a protocol used for accessing email messages on a server.

 

How do network protocols ensure data transmission security? What is packet transmission and how does it work?
What are the four layers of the TCP/IP model? What does the application layer do in the TCP/IP model?
What does the transport layer do in the TCP/IP model? What does the internet layer do in the TCP/IP model?
What does the network access layer do in the TCP/IP model? Why are layered protocol stacks important in data transmission?

 

Packet transmission refers to the process of sending and receiving data across a computer network. When data is sent, it's divided into smaller packets which are then transmitted across the network and reassembled at the destination. Each packet contains information about its destination, source, and type of data being transmitted. Network protocols ensure data transmission security by using encryption and authentication mechanisms.
The application layer is responsible for providing network services to the user and for supporting network applications. This layer defines protocols for applications such as email, file transfer, and remote login. The four layers of the TCP/IP model include the application layer, transport layer, internet layer, and network access layer.
The internet layer is responsible for routing data between networks. This layer defines protocols such as IP which enable data to be sent across a network to its correct destination. The transport layer is responsible for providing reliable data transfer between devices. This layer uses protocols such as TCP and UDP to ensure that data is transmitted and received correctly.
Layered protocol stacks are important because they allow for complex communication between devices to be broken down into simpler tasks. Each layer is responsible for a specific task and can be easily modified or replaced without affecting the entire system. This makes it easier to develop and troubleshoot network applications. The network access layer is responsible for defining protocols for the physical connection between hosts and network devices. This layer defines protocols for things like Ethernet and Wi-Fi.

 

What is the difference between TCP and UDP? What is an IP address?
How are packets reassembled at their destination? What is the role of a router in packet transmission?
What is the difference between LAN and WAN? What is a protocol?
What is the OSI model? What is a network?

 

An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to each device on a computer network. It is used to identify the device and route data to its correct destination. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol which means that it establishes a connection before data is transferred and ensures that data is transmitted and received correctly. UDP is a connectionless protocol which means that it does not establish a connection before data is transferred and does not ensure that data is transmitted and received correctly.
Routers are responsible for forwarding data packets between computer networks. They use information contained in each packet's header to determine the best path to forward the packet to its destination. Packets are reassembled at their destination by using information contained in each packet's header. The header contains information such as the packet's source, destination, and sequence number which is used to reassemble the data in the correct order.
A protocol is a set of rules that governs the communication between devices on a network. Protocols define how data is transmitted, received, and processed across the network. LAN stands for Local Area Network and refers to a network that is within a limited geographical area such as a home, school or office. WAN stands for Wide Area Network and refers to a network that is spread over a large geographical area such as a city, country or even the entire world.
A network is a group of devices connected together to share information and resources. Networks can range in size from a small local area network to a large global network like the internet. The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework for understanding how communication between computer systems takes place. It includes seven layers that define how data is transmitted, received, and processed across a network.

 

What is the difference between 3G and 4G mobile communication standards? What are subsequent generations of mobile communication standards?
What are the advantages of 3G mobile communication standards? What are the disadvantages of 3G mobile communication standards?
What are the advantages of 4G mobile communication standards? What are the disadvantages of 4G mobile communication standards?
What is LTE? What is WiMAX?

 

Subsequent generations of mobile communication standards refer to advancements and improvements made to previous generations. 3G and 4G refer to different generations of mobile communication standards.
Disadvantages of 3G include limited coverage and network capacity. Advantages of 3G include faster data transfer rates and improved multimedia capabilities.
Disadvantages of 4G include limited coverage and higher costs. Advantages of 4G include faster data transfer rates and improved network capacity.
WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access and is a standard for wireless communication for mobile devices. LTE stands for Long-Term Evolution and is a standard for wireless communication for mobile devices.

 

What is the difference between LTE and WiMAX? What is 5G?
What is the difference between 4G and 5G? What are some potential advantages of 5G?
What are some potential disadvantages of 5G? How do mobile communication standards affect mobile devices?
What is the future of mobile communication standards? What are the three types of networks covered in this lesson?

 

5G is the fifth generation of mobile communication standards and promises faster data transfer rates and lower latency. LTE has higher download and upload speeds, while WiMAX has a longer range.
Potential advantages of 5G include faster download and upload speeds and improved connectivity for IoT devices. 5G has faster data transfer rates and lower latency compared to 4G.
Mobile communication standards determine the range, speed, and capabilities of mobile devices. Potential disadvantages of 5G include limited coverage and potential health concerns.
Local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), personal area network (PAN). The future of mobile communication standards may include advancements in 5G technology and the development of 6G standards.

 

What is a LAN? What is a WAN?
What is a PAN? What is a client-server model?
What is a peer-to-peer model? What are the benefits of a LAN?
What are the limitations of a LAN? What are the benefits of a WAN?

 

A WAN is a network that connects devices over a large geographic area, such as multiple cities or countries. A LAN is a network that connects devices within a small geographic area, such as a home or office building.
A client-server model is a type of network where there are one or more centralized servers that provide resources or services to clients. A PAN is a network that connects devices within an individual's personal space, such as a computer with a mobile phone.
A LAN typically provides faster speeds and more secure connections compared to a WAN. A peer-to-peer model is a type of network where all devices are considered equal and can communicate directly with each other.
A WAN can connect devices across long distances and provide access to remote resources and information. A LAN's range is limited to a small geographic area and may require additional hardware to connect to a WAN.

 

What are the limitations of a WAN? What are the benefits of a peer-to-peer model?
What are the limitations of a peer-to-peer model? Which network type would be best for a small office building?
Which network type would be best for connecting multiple offices across different cities? Which usage model would be most appropriate for a network with one centralized server and multiple client devices?
What is a network topology? What are the four main types of network topologies?

 

A peer-to-peer model allows for easy sharing of files and resources between devices. A WAN typically has slower speeds and less secure connections compared to a LAN.
A LAN would be the best network type for a small office building. A peer-to-peer model may have reduced security and reliability compared to a client-server model.
A client-server model would be the most appropriate usage model for a network with one centralized server and multiple client devices. A WAN would be the best network type for connecting multiple offices across different cities.
The four main types of network topologies are bus, ring, star, and mesh. A network topology refers to the layout of connected devices in a computer network.

 

What is a bus topology? What is a ring topology?
What is a star topology? What is a mesh topology?
What are some advantages of a bus topology? What are some disadvantages of a bus topology?
What are some advantages of a ring topology? What are some disadvantages of a ring topology?

 

A ring topology is a network setup in which all devices are connected in a circular layout, with data traveling in one direction around the ring. A bus topology is a network setup in which all devices are connected to a single cable, with the cable acting as the main trunk line for data transmission.
A mesh topology is a network setup in which all devices are connected to each other in a network layout that allows for multiple data paths between devices. A star topology is a network setup in which all devices are directly connected to a central hub or switch, with all data passing through the hub or switch.
Bus topologies can suffer from problems with signal interference and collisions, and the entire network can be brought down if the main trunk line is damaged. Bus topologies are easy to set up and require less cabling than other topologies.
Ring topologies can suffer from problems with signal interference and data collisions, and adding or removing devices from the network can be difficult. Ring topologies are highly resilient and can handle high network traffic loads.

 

What are some advantages of a star topology? What are some disadvantages of a star topology?
What are some advantages of a mesh topology? What are some disadvantages of a mesh topology?
What type of network topology is commonly used in home networks? What is cloud storage?
What are the benefits of using cloud storage? What are the security issues associated with cloud storage?

 

Star topologies require more cabling than other topologies, and the central hub or switch can become a single point of failure. Star topologies are easy to set up, and problems with individual devices do not affect the rest of the network.
Mesh topologies require more cabling than other topologies and can be difficult to set up and maintain. Mesh topologies are highly scalable and can handle large network traffic loads effectively.
Cloud storage refers to storing and accessing data over the internet instead of the traditional method of storing data on hard drives or local servers. A star topology is commonly used in home networks, with a central wireless router acting as the hub.
Security issues associated with cloud storage include data breaches, unauthorized access, and data loss due to system failures. Cloud storage provides easy access to your data from anywhere, reduces the need for physical storage devices, and allows for easy collaboration with others.

 

What are some security measures for cloud storage? What are some contemporary storage options besides cloud storage?
Can cloud storage be hacked? Is cloud storage safe?
Can data be lost in cloud storage? What is two-factor authentication?
What is encryption? What are technical weaknesses that can lead to cyber attacks?

 

Some contemporary storage options besides cloud storage include external hard drives, USB flash drives, and network-attached storage (NAS) devices. Some security measures for cloud storage include using strong passwords, enabling two-factor authentication, regularly backing up data, and encrypting sensitive data.
Cloud storage can be safe if proper security measures are taken, such as using strong passwords, enabling two-factor authentication, and encrypting sensitive data. Yes, cloud storage can be hacked if proper security measures are not in place. However, using strong passwords and enabling two-factor authentication can greatly reduce the risk of hacking.
Two-factor authentication is an extra layer of security that requires users to provide two forms of identification, such as a password and a unique code sent to their phone, to access their account. Yes, data can be lost in cloud storage due to system failures or other issues. It is important to regularly back up data to prevent data loss.
Technical weaknesses include outdated software, weak or easily guessable passwords, unsecured network connections, and unsecured Internet of Things devices. Encryption is the process of converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized access or theft. Only those with the decryption key can read the encrypted data.

 

What is social engineering? What are some forms of social engineering?
What are the risks associated with unpatched software? What are the risks associated with USB devices?
What are the risks associated with digital devices? What is eavesdropping?
How can you protect against different forms of cyber attack? What should you do if you suspect you're a victim of a cyber attack?

 

Some forms of social engineering include phishing (false emails or websites designed to look legitimate to obtain personal information), shoulder surfing (looking over someone's shoulder to obtain sensitive information), and pharming (redirecting traffic to a fake website to obtain personal information). Social engineering is the use of deception or manipulation to trick individuals into divulging confidential information or performing actions that they should not.
USB devices can contain malware that can infect a computer or network when plugged in, allow attackers to steal sensitive information, or compromise the entire system. Unpatched software can allow cybercriminals to exploit vulnerabilities, gain access to a system, and steal personal information.
Eavesdropping is the act of intercepting private communication, allowing attackers to obtain sensitive information. Digital devices can be compromised with malware or spyware, exposing personal information, and potential allow attackers to access other devices on the same network.
Disconnect from the internet, scan your computer for viruses, change passwords to all important accounts, and notify your bank or financial institution if your financial information has been compromised. You can protect yourself by ensuring software is up-to-date, using strong and unique passwords, being cautious of unsolicited emails or links, being aware of shoulder surfers, avoiding public Wi-Fi, and never sharing sensitive information.

 

What are the consequences of a cyber attack? What should you do if you receive a suspicious email?
What is two-factor authentication? What is a denial of service attack?
What is malware? What is a firewall?
What is network security? Why is network security important?

 

Delete the email and report it to your IT department or the organization the email is claiming to be from. Consequences include loss of personal information, financial loss, identity theft, system failure, and reputational damage.
A denial of service attack is an attack in which cybercriminals attempt to make a website or online service unavailable to users by overwhelming the target with traffic or other requests. Two-factor authentication is a security process in which users provide two different authentication factors to verify themselves. This can include something they have (like a phone or physical token) and something they know (like a password).
A firewall is a network security device that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on an organization's previously established security policies. Malware is any software that is designed to harm, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system.
Network security is important to keep private data confidential, protect against unauthorized access to data and network resources, and prevent network downtime and other attacks. The protection of computer networks from unauthorized access, theft of data or network resources, and attacks.

 

What is validation? What are some validation techniques?
What is authentication? What are some authentication techniques?
What is access control? What is physical security?
What is a firewall? What are the types of firewalls?

 

Some validation techniques include data type checking, range checking, and format checking. Validation is the process of ensuring that data is accurate and consistent, and meets certain requirements.
Some authentication techniques include username and password, biometric authentication, and smart card authentication. Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user or system.
Physical security is the protection of physical assets (such as computer hardware) from theft, damage, or unauthorized access. Access control is the process of controlling who has access to specific computer resources and the actions they are allowed to perform.
The types of firewalls include packet filtering, application gateway, and stateful inspection. A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

 

What is a vulnerability? What is a threat?
What is encryption? What is decryption?
What are some encryption techniques? What is cloud storage?
What are some benefits of using cloud storage? What are some risks associated with using cloud storage?

 

A threat is a potential or actual security breach that could exploit a vulnerability in a computer system. A vulnerability is a weakness in a computer system that can be exploited by an attacker to gain unauthorized access or cause damage.
Decryption is the process of converting coded language back into its original form. Encryption is the process of converting information into a coded language to prevent unauthorized access.
Cloud storage is a method of storing data remotely on multiple servers that can be accessed via the internet. Some encryption techniques include symmetric-key encryption and public-key encryption.
Some risks associated with using cloud storage include security breaches, data loss, and limited control over data. Some benefits of using cloud storage include cost savings, flexibility, and accessibility to data from anywhere with an internet connection.

 

What are some common security issues associated with cloud storage? How can you protect your data in the cloud?
What is data encryption? What is two-factor authentication?
What is a data breach? What is malware?
What is a firewall? What are the different forms of cyber attack?

 

Some ways to protect your data in the cloud include using strong passwords, enabling two-factor authentication, and regularly backing up your data. Some common security issues associated with cloud storage include unauthorized access, data breaches, and malware attacks.
Two-factor authentication is a security process that requires users to provide two different forms of identification before accessing an account or service. Data encryption is the process of encoding data so that it can only be accessed or read by someone who has the correct decryption key.
Malware is any software designed to damage, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system or network. A data breach is a security incident in which sensitive, protected or confidential data is accessed or disclosed without authorization.
Cyber attacks can take many forms, including malware, phishing, social engineering, denial-of-service attacks, and more. A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

 

How can technical weaknesses be exploited in cyber attacks? What are some common types of social engineering attacks?
What are the risks associated with unpatched software? What are the risks associated with USB devices?
What is eavesdropping? How can eavesdropping impact personal and business data?
What is the best way to protect against cyber attacks? What should you do if you think you've been a victim of cyber attack?

 

Common types of social engineering attacks include phishing, shoulder surfing, and pharming. Technical weaknesses in software and hardware can be exploited through various methods such as malware infections and backdoor access.
USB devices can contain malware that can infect a system when plugged in. Unpatched software can leave vulnerabilities in a system that can be exploited by cyber attackers.
Eavesdropping can lead to the exposure of sensitive or confidential information that can be used for malicious purposes. Eavesdropping is the practice of secretly listening in on conversations or communications.
If you think you've been a victim of a cyber attack, you should immediately disconnect from the internet and seek professional help. The best way to protect against cyber attacks is to stay informed, keep software up-to-date, use strong passwords, and be cautious when opening emails or clicking on links.

 

How can social engineering attacks be prevented? What is the difference between a virus and malware?
What is encryption? Why is it important to keep digital devices secure?
What is a denial-of-service attack? How can you tell if an email is a phishing attempt?
What is vulnerability identification? What are the different methods of identifying vulnerabilities?

 

A virus is a type of malware that can replicate itself and spread to other systems, while malware is a broad term that refers to any software designed to cause harm or damage. Social engineering attacks can be prevented by being cautious when opening emails or clicking on links, using spam filters, and educating yourself about common tactics used by cyber attackers.
Digital devices can contain sensitive information that can be accessed by cyber attackers if they are not properly secured. Encryption is the process of encoding information in a way that can only be decoded by authorized users or systems.
Phishing emails often contain suspicious links or attachments, impersonate legitimate organizations, and use urgency or fear to prompt action. A denial-of-service attack is a type of cyber attack in which an attacker floods a network or server with traffic in order to overwhelm it and cause it to crash.
There are various methods, including scanning, testing, and reviewing policies. It is the process of finding weaknesses in an information system.

 

What is penetration testing? What is ethical hacking?
What are commercial analysis tools? How can commercial analysis tools be used to identify vulnerabilities?
Why is it important to review network and user policies? What are some common vulnerabilities?
How can the methods learned be applied to identify vulnerabilities in a given scenario? What is the role of vulnerability identification in cybersecurity?

 

It is the process of hacking into a system with permission, in order to find vulnerabilities. It is the process of testing a system's security by simulating an attack.
They can be used to scan a system for vulnerabilities and generate reports. They are tools used to scan and identify vulnerabilities in a system.
Some common vulnerabilities include software bugs, weak passwords, and exposed ports. It helps to identify potential vulnerabilities and ensure security measures are in place.
It is a critical aspect of cybersecurity, as it helps to identify weaknesses in a system and prevent potential attacks. By using the different methods to systematically identify and assess any potential vulnerabilities.

 

What are some software design considerations for protecting against cyber attacks? What are audit trails and why are they important in identifying security breaches?
What are some techniques for securing operating systems? What are some principles of secure coding and best practices for removing vulnerabilities?
Why is code review important in identifying and removing bad programming practices? What are some techniques for modular testing to ensure code is secure and reliable?
Why is effective network security provision important? What is access control and why is it important for software security?

 

Audit trails are records of events or actions taken within a system or network. They are important in identifying security breaches because they can help to track the source of a breach and provide evidence for investigating the incident. Some software design considerations for protecting against cyber attacks include implementing access controls, using encryption, and incorporating error handling and exception handling mechanisms.
Some principles of secure coding include input validation, error handling, and secure storage and communication of data. Best practices for removing vulnerabilities include using secure libraries and frameworks, reviewing code for security issues, and testing code for vulnerabilities. Some techniques for securing operating systems include applying security updates and patches, configuring system settings to reduce attack surface, and using anti-virus and anti-malware software.
Some techniques for modular testing to ensure code is secure and reliable include unit testing, integration testing, and acceptance testing. Code review is important in identifying and removing bad programming practices because it allows for other developers to review the code for errors or potential security vulnerabilities.
Access control refers to the process of limiting user access to specific resources or data. It is important for software security because it can prevent unauthorized users from accessing sensitive information or making changes to the system. Effective network security provision is important because it protects against unauthorized access to sensitive data and can prevent cyber attacks from compromising the network or system.

 

What is encryption and how can it be used to protect data? What is the difference between a virus and a worm?
What is the difference between symmetric and asymmetric encryption? What is SQL injection and how can it be prevented?
What is cross-site scripting and how can it be prevented? What is phishing and how can it be prevented?
What is the definition of the internet? What are some examples of devices that can access the internet?

 

A virus is a piece of code that attaches itself to a program or file and spreads from one computer to another, while a worm is a standalone program that does not require a host file or program to spread. Encryption is the process of converting plain text into a coded format that is unreadable without a decryption key or password. It can be used to protect data by ensuring that only authorized users can access it.
SQL injection is a type of attack that exploits vulnerabilities in a web application's database by injecting malicious SQL code. It can be prevented by using parameterized statements, validating user input, and minimizing database privileges. Symmetric encryption uses the same key for encrypting and decrypting data, while asymmetric encryption uses separate keys for encrypting and decrypting data.
Phishing is a type of attack that involves tricking users into providing sensitive information by posing as a legitimate entity. It can be prevented by educating users on how to identify and avoid phishing scams, using anti-phishing software, and implementing multi-factor authentication. Cross-site scripting is a type of attack that involves injecting malicious scripts into a web page viewed by other users. It can be prevented by sanitizing user input, validating user input, and using secure programming practices.
Computers, smartphones, tablets, and smart home devices are examples of devices that can access the internet. The internet is a global network of connected computers and devices.

 

What is IP addressing? What does DNS stand for?
What is the purpose of DNS? What are some common internet protocols?
What is the difference between the internet and the world wide web? What are some risks associated with using the internet?
How has the internet impacted modern society? What are some ways to protect yourself online?

 

DNS stands for Domain Name System. IP addressing is a unique identifier assigned to each device connected to the internet.
TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, and SMTP are all common internet protocols. DNS is used to translate domain names into IP addresses so that devices can find and connect to each other on the internet.
Cyberbullying, identity theft, and exposure to inappropriate content are all risks associated with using the internet. The internet is the global network of connected computers, while the world wide web is a collection of websites and web pages that can be accessed through the internet.
Using strong passwords, avoiding suspicious links and downloads, and maintaining privacy settings on social media are all ways to protect yourself online. The internet has revolutionized communication, commerce, and entertainment, among other things.

 

What are the components of the World Wide Web? What is a web server URL?
What is an ISP? What is HTTP?
What is HTTPS? What is HTML?
What is the role of a web server URL? What is the role of an ISP?

 

A web server URL, or Uniform Resource Locator, is a unique address that identifies a webpage on the internet. The components of the World Wide Web include web server URLs, ISPs, HTTP, HTTPS, and HTML.
HTTP, or Hypertext Transfer Protocol, is a protocol for exchanging data over the internet. An ISP, or Internet Service Provider, is a company that provides internet access to customers.
HTML, or Hypertext Markup Language, is the standard markup language used to create webpages. HTTPS, or Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, is a secure version of HTTP that encrypts data.
An ISP provides internet access to users and allows them to connect to the World Wide Web. A web server URL identifies the specific webpage that a user wants to access.

 

What is the role of HTTP? What is the role of HTTPS?
What is the role of HTML? Why is the World Wide Web important?
What is a website? What is a web browser?
What is a hyperlink? What is the importance of IP addressing standards?

 

HTTPS provides a secure way to exchange data over the internet. HTTP is used to exchange data between a web server and a client.
The World Wide Web allows people to access and share information from all over the world. HTML is used to structure and format content on a webpage.
A web browser is a software application that allows users to access and view webpages on the internet. A website is a collection of webpages that are linked together and can be accessed on the internet.
IP addressing standards help ensure efficient and organized communication among devices on a network. A hyperlink is a clickable link on a webpage that leads to another webpage or resource.

 

What are the benefits of using IPv6 over IPv4? What is the format of an IPv4 address?
What is the format of an IPv6 address? What is a subnet mask?
How are IP addresses assigned? What is a private IP address?
What is a public IP address? What is NAT (Network Address Translation)?

 

IPv4 addresses consist of four numbers separated by periods. Each number can range from 0 to 255. IPv6 provides a larger address space, improved security features, and better support for mobile devices.
A subnet mask is used to divide an IP address into two parts: the network address and the host address. IPv6 addresses consist of eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons.
A private IP address is an address reserved for use within a private network. These addresses cannot be accessed from the internet. IP addresses can be assigned manually or automatically using DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol).
NAT is a technique used to allow multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address. A public IP address is an address that is accessible from the internet. These addresses are assigned by an internet service provider (ISP).

 

What is DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)? What is the purpose of DNS (Domain Name System)?
What is CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)? What is the difference between a static IP address and a dynamic IP address?
What is the maximum number of IPv4 addresses that can exist? What is the maximum number of IPv6 addresses that can exist?
What is the internet? Why is the internet important?

 

DNS is used to translate domain names (such as google.com) into IP addresses so that devices can communicate with each other. DHCP is a protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses and other network configuration information to devices on a network.
A static IP address is manually assigned to a device and remains the same, while a dynamic IP address is assigned automatically and can change over time. CIDR is a method of assigning IP addresses that allows for more efficient use of address space.
There are approximately 3.4 x 10^38 possible IPv6 addresses. There are 4,294,967,296 possible IPv4 addresses.
The internet is important for communication, information sharing, and commerce The internet is a global network of interconnected computers and devices

 

What is IP addressing? How does IP addressing work?
What is DNS? What is the function of DNS?
Why is DNS important? What is a domain name?
What is a top-level domain? What is a subdomain?

 

IP addressing works by using a specific format of numbers separated by periods IP addressing is the assigning of unique numbers to devices connected to the internet
The function of DNS is to translate human-readable domain names into IP addresses DNS stands for Domain Name System
A domain name is the human-readable name of a website DNS is important because it allows users to access websites using easy-to-remember domain names instead of complicated IP addresses
A subdomain is a portion of a larger domain name that comes before the main domain name (e.g. blog.example.com) A top-level domain is the part of a domain name that comes after the final period (e.g. .com, .org, .net)

 

How are domain names registered? What is a web browser?
What is a search engine? What is a hyperlink?
What is the meaning of WWW? What are the different components of the WWW?
What does ISP stand for? What is HTTP used for?

 

A web browser is a software application used to access and view websites Domain names are registered through domain name registrars
A hyperlink is a clickable link that connects one webpage or part of a webpage to another A search engine is a software program that searches for and identifies information on the internet
Web server URLs, ISP, HTTP, HTTPS, and HTML The World Wide Web
To transfer data between a web server and a web browser Internet Service Provider

 

What is HTTPS used for? What is HTML?
What is a web server URL? What is the purpose of the World Wide Web?
Which components of the WWW are responsible for ensuring secure communication? What is the role of an ISP in the WWW?
What is the most widely used markup language on the internet? What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?

 

A markup language used to create webpages To ensure secure communication over the internet
To allow people to access and share information over the internet A unique address that identifies a web server on the internet
To provide internet access to users HTTPS
HTTPS uses encryption to ensure secure communication, while HTTP does not HTML

 

What is a web browser? What is an IP address?
What is a domain name? What is an IP address?
Why do we need IP addressing standards? What is the format of an IPv4 address?
What is the format of an IPv6 address? What is the main difference between IPv4 and IPv6?

 

A unique identifier assigned to devices on a network A software application used to access information on the internet
An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to devices connected to a network. A human-readable address used to access websites on the internet
An IPv4 address consists of four sections of numbers, each separated by a period. Each section can contain up to three digits. We need IP addressing standards to ensure that devices on a network can communicate with each other effectively.
The main difference is that IPv6 uses a much larger address space, allowing for billions more unique addresses than IPv4. An IPv6 address consists of eight sections of numbers and letters, each separated by a colon. Each section can contain up to four characters.

 

What is CIDR notation? What is a subnet mask?
What is DHCP? What is NAT?
What is a default gateway? What is an IP address conflict?
What is a loopback address? What is a link-local address?

 

A subnet mask is a number that determines the size of a subnet in an IP address. CIDR notation is a compact representation of an IP address and its associated network mask. It is commonly used in routing tables.
NAT stands for Network Address Translation. It is used to translate private IP addresses into public IP addresses, allowing devices on a private network to communicate with devices on the internet. DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It is used to automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network.
An IP address conflict occurs when two devices on a network are assigned the same IP address. A default gateway is the IP address of the router that connects a device to another network, such as the internet.
A link-local address is a special IP address that is automatically assigned to a device when it connects to a network. It is used for communication on a specific network segment. A loopback address is a special IP address (127.0.0.1 for IPv4, ::1 for IPv6) that allows a device to communicate with itself.

 

What is a multicast address? What is the purpose of a modem?
What is a router? What is a switch?
What is a wireless access point (WAP)? How are these components combined to provide internet access?
What are the different types of connections used for internet access? What is the difference between a modem and a router?

 

A modem is a hardware device that connects a computer or router to the internet service provider (ISP) network, enabling access to the internet. A multicast address is a special IP address that is used to send data to a group of devices on a network.
A switch is a networking device that connects devices together on a computer network and uses packet switching to forward data to its destination device. It operates at the data link layer of the OSI model and can be used to connect multiple devices like servers, computers, printers, and so on. A router is a device that routes data packets between computer networks. It directs traffic between networks within a building or complex and between the building's local network and the internet.
A modem connects to the ISP network and a router then connects to the modem, managing the connection between the ISP and the local network. A switch is used to connect multiple devices on a local network, and a wireless access point (WAP) is used to provide wireless connectivity to these devices. A wireless access point (WAP) is a hardware device that enables wireless devices to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi. It acts like a hub between wireless devices and wired devices on a network.
A modem connects a device (e.g. computer, router) to the internet service provider (ISP) network, whereas a router manages the connection between the ISP and the local network, directing traffic between devices on the local network and the internet. There are various types of internet connections, including DSL (Digital Subscriber Line), cable, fiber-optic, satellite, and cellular/mobile.

 

How does a switch differ from a router? What is Wi-Fi?
What is a LAN (Local Area Network)? What is a WAN (Wide Area Network)?
What is a DNS server? What is a firewall?
What is a VPN (Virtual Private Network)?

 

Wi-Fi is a technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed internet and network connections. A switch is a device that connects devices together on a computer network and uses packet switching to forward data to its destination device, while a router is a device that manages the connection between the ISP and the local network, directing traffic between devices on the local network and the internet.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) is a network that covers a larger geographic area than a LAN. It typically provides connection to other networks, such as the internet, and allows communication between multiple LANs. A LAN (Local Area Network) is a computer network that covers a small area, such as a home or office building. It is used for communication between devices within the local area network.
A firewall is a network security system that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined security rules. It can be implemented as hardware or software, and is used to protect a computer network from unauthorized access and malicious attacks. A DNS server (Domain Name System server) translates domain names into IP addresses, allowing users to access websites and internet services using easy-to-remember domain names.
A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a network technology that creates a secure connection over the internet, allowing remote users to access a private network as if they were directly connected to it. It is commonly used to provide secure remote access to a company's internal network.