North Africa capital cities
physical features cultural features
economies cultures
geography climate

 

The official cities of a country or region where government and administrative activities take place. A region comprising of the countries located in the northernmost part of the African continent, including Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt.
Customs, beliefs, values, behaviors, and artifacts that characterizes North African societies and way of life. Natural features of the land and water, such as mountains, deserts, rivers, and oceans that shape the landscape of North Africa.
The shared customs, beliefs, languages, traditions, and values that define the identity of the people living in North Africa. The production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services by individuals, businesses, and governments in North Africa.
The average weather conditions in a place over a long period of time, affecting vegetation, agriculture, and human activities in North Africa. The study of the physical, cultural, economic, and political aspects of the earth's surface and their interactions in North Africa.

 

deserts oases
agriculture tourism
Cultural diversity North Africa
Unique cultures Social development

 

Small areas of fertile land in a desert, where water is available, used for agriculture and settlement in North Africa. Dry, barren areas of land with little to no vegetation or rainfall in North Africa, such as the Sahara and Libyan deserts.
The industry of attracting and accommodating visitors for leisure, business, or educational purposes in North Africa, due to its natural and cultural attractions. The cultivation of crops, animals, and other food resources for human consumption in North Africa, influenced by geography and climate.
A region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent, including countries such as Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. The existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society or region.
The process of improving the well-being of people in a society, including their quality of life, access to education, health care, and other basic needs. The specific customs, beliefs, and practices that are distinct to each North African country and contribute to its unique identity.

 

Economic development Berbers
Arabization Islam
Colonialism Art and music
Gender roles Sahara desert

 

Indigenous ethnic group of North Africa, with a unique language and cultural traditions that are distinct from Arabic influence. The process of increasing the economic growth, stability, and prosperity of a country or region, often measured by indicators such as GDP, employment rates, and trade.
A monotheistic religion based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad, which is the dominant religion in North Africa and has a significant impact on its culture and traditions. The process of adopting the Arabic language and cultural practices within North African countries, often as a result of Arab conquest or colonization.
Forms of creative expression that vary within and across North African countries, often reflecting the unique cultural heritage and historical influences. The practice of a powerful country taking control over a weaker country or territory, often for economic gain, resulting in lasting cultural, social, and political impacts.
A vast, arid region in North Africa that covers over 3.6 million square miles, and has significant impacts on the environment, economy, and culture of the region. Cultural expectations and norms around the behaviors, responsibilities, and opportunities of men and women in society, which vary across North African countries.

 

North Africa Historical significance
Cultural significance Key events
Developments Diversity
Cultures Traditions

 

The importance or relevance of past events or people in shaping the present or future of a region. A region consisting of the northern part of the African continent, bordering the Mediterranean Sea and the Sahara desert.
Pivotal moments or occurrences in the history of North Africa that have had a significant impact on its development and identity. The importance or relevance of cultural practices and traditions in shaping the identity and values of a region or community.
The range of differences that exist among people or cultures in North Africa, including but not limited to ethnicity, language, religion, and customs. Changes or advancements that have taken place in various areas, such as politics, economy, or society, over time in North Africa.
The customs and practices that have been passed down from one generation to another in North Africa, often reflecting cultural or religious beliefs. The beliefs, values, customs, practices, and artifacts that characterize the ways of life of various groups of people in North Africa.

 

Berbers Islamic civilization
Colonization Pan-Arabism
Congo Basin Biodiversity
Ecosystem Deforestation

 

The cultural and intellectual achievements of the Muslim world, including important contributions in areas such as science, philosophy, and architecture, that originated in North Africa and spread to other parts of the world. An ethnic group native to North Africa, predominantly inhabiting the regions of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, known for their distinctive language and culture.
A political and cultural movement that seeks to promote unity and solidarity among Arab nations in North Africa and the Middle East, often emphasizing Arab identity and language as a unifying force. The process by which a foreign power establishes control over a region or people, often involving the imposition of cultural and political norms and practices.
The variety of plant and animal life in the Congo Basin, including thousands of plant species and hundreds of animal species, many of which are endangered or threatened. A large tropical rainforest basin in central Africa, covering 1.3 million square miles and spanning across multiple countries including the Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, and Central African Republic.
The clearing and destruction of trees and other vegetation in the Congo Basin, often for commercial purposes such as logging and agriculture, which has had significant impacts on the environment and indigenous communities. The complex system of organisms and their interactions with each other and their environment in the Congo Basin, including both living and non-living elements.

 

Indigenous Communities Logging
Agriculture Conservation
Rainforest Tributary
Hydroelectric Power Poaching

 

The practice of cutting down and processing trees in the Congo Basin for timber, which has been a major driver of deforestation and environmental degradation in the region. Groups of people who are native to the Congo Basin and who have lived in the region for many generations, often with deep cultural ties to the land and its resources.
Efforts to protect and preserve the natural resources and biodiversity of the Congo Basin, often through the establishment of national parks, protected areas, and other conservation programs. The cultivation of crops and livestock in the Congo Basin, often for commercial purposes, which has also contributed to deforestation and environmental degradation in the region.
A smaller river or stream that flows into a larger river in the Congo Basin, many of which are important sources of water, fish, and other resources for local communities. A dense forest in the Congo Basin characterized by heavy rainfall and high humidity, which is home to many unique plant and animal species and plays a critical role in the global ecosystem.
The illegal hunting and harvesting of wildlife in the Congo Basin, which has had significant impacts on many endangered species and contributes to the degradation of the ecosystem. Electricity generated by the movement of water in the Congo Basin through the use of dams and other infrastructure, which is an important energy source for many communities and industries in the region.

 

Congo Basin geographical location
biodiversity tropical rainforest
endangered species habitat destruction
biodiversity hotspot deforestation

 

The specific place or position where the Congo Basin is located on the Earth. A large tropical rainforest area in central Africa.
Type of ecosystem found in the Congo Basin characterized by high rainfall and lush vegetation. Variety of life in the Congo Basin, including different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms.
The process by which human activities such as logging, mining, and agriculture destroy the natural habitat of animals and plants in the Congo Basin. Plants and animals that are at risk of becoming extinct due to human activities in the Congo Basin.
The cutting down of trees in the Congo Basin, often for commercial purposes, which can have a devastating impact on the biodiversity of the region. An area with a high degree of species richness and endemism that is threatened by human activities, such as the Congo Basin.

 

poaching ecosystem
climate change rainforest canopy
Congo Basin Natural Resources
Deforestation Climate Change

 

A community of living organisms, along with their physical environment, interacting as a functional unit in the Congo Basin. The illegal hunting or killing of animals in the Congo Basin for their meat, hides, or other body parts.
The upper layer of leaves and branches in the tropical rainforest of the Congo Basin, which supports numerous species of birds and other animals. The long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in the Congo Basin caused by human activities such as burning fossil fuels.
Substances that are found in the Congo basin and are not created by human beings. These include wood, minerals, oil, and water. A vast region in central Africa that covers over 3.7 million square kilometers, and is one of the most biodiverse regions on the planet.
A long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define Earth's local, regional and global climates, which can be caused by natural and human factors. The clearing of forests in the Congo basin, usually caused by human activities such as logging, mining, and farming.

 

Biodiversity Forest Degradation
Logging Mining
Agriculture Poaching
Hydroelectricity Sustainable Development

 

A condition in the rainforest characterized by damages to its structural and functional abilities caused by human and non-human activities. The variety of life in the Congo Basin, including the different species of plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms.
The process of extracting minerals or other geological materials from the earth, a major driver of deforestation within the Congo basin. The process of cutting down trees for commercial or industrial use, which is a major cause of deforestation in the Congo basin.
The illegal hunting, killing or capturing of wild animals, such as elephants and primates, for their parts or products in the Congo basin. The practice of cultivating land, raising animals, and producing food, often leading to the clearance of forests in the Congo basin.
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs in the Congo basin. Electricity that is generated by the movement of water, which is one of the natural resources found in the Congo Basin.

 

Apartheid Segregation
Nelson Mandela Racial discrimination
Boycott Pass laws
Sharpeville massacre Truth and Reconciliation Commission

 

The enforced separation of different racial groups in a country, community, or establishment. A system of institutionalized racial segregation that existed in South Africa from 1948 to 1994.
The practice of treating people unfairly based on their race, ethnic or national origin. South African anti-apartheid revolutionary who served as president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.
Apartheid-era laws requiring non-white South Africans to carry passbooks with identification and travel restrictions. A refusal to purchase or participate in something as an act of protest or disapproval.
Established in South Africa after the end of apartheid to investigate human rights abuses and offer amnesty to those who confessed to crimes. A turning point in the anti-apartheid struggle, in which South African police opened fire on a group of unarmed black South Africans who were protesting against pass laws.

 

Desmond Tutu Cape Town peace march
Homelands Post-apartheid South Africa
Apartheid Economic Development
GDP Poverty

 

A peaceful protest held in the aftermath of the Sharpeville massacre, organized by anti-apartheid activists including Nelson Mandela. South African Anglican cleric and human rights activist who played a key role in the anti-apartheid struggle.
The period since the end of apartheid in South Africa, marked by efforts to address the country's many social and economic challenges. Territories in South Africa designated for black South Africans during apartheid, seen by many as a way to enforce segregation.
The sustained, concerted actions of policymakers and communities that promote the standard of living and economic health of a specific area. A policy of racial segregation and discrimination against non-white South Africans that was in place from 1948 to 1994.
The state of being extremely poor, with a lack of access to basic resources and necessities. Gross Domestic Product, the total value of all goods and services produced within a country in a given year.

 

Foreign Aid Infrastructure
Debt International Trade
Corruption Tourism
Entrepreneurship Regional Cooperation

 

The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society. Economic, medical, or military assistance given by one country to another.
The exchange of goods and services across national borders, often to promote economic growth and development. Money owed by one party to another, often in the form of loans and interest payments.
The commercial organization and operation of vacations and visits to places of interest, which can stimulate economic growth through increased revenues and job creation. The misuse of public power for personal gain, often involving bribery and embezzlement.
The collaboration between countries or communities in a particular geographic region to achieve common goals and address shared challenges, often in the areas of economic development and security. The process of designing, launching, and running a new business, which can spur economic growth and job creation.

 

Southern Africa Environmental challenges
Sustainable development Human activities
Climate change Biodiversity loss
Poaching Desertification

 

The various issues and problems that threaten the natural world in Southern Africa. A region located at the southernmost part of the African continent.
All the actions that individuals and groups take that affect the environment, including pollution, deforestation, and overfishing. Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
The decline in the variety and number of species and ecosystems in Southern Africa. The long-term alteration of global temperature and typical weather patterns, primarily caused by human activities such as burning fossil fuels.
The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture. The illegal hunting, killing, or capturing of wildlife, often for commercial gain.

 

Water scarcity Renewable energy
Green technology Sustainability
Southern Africa Lesotho
Malawi Zambia

 

Energy that comes from natural resources that are replenished at a faster rate than they are consumed, such as wind, water, and sunlight. The lack of sufficient water resources to meet the needs of the population in Southern Africa.
The ability to maintain or improve the quality of life in Southern Africa without depleting or harming the environment. Technology that reduces the negative impact of human activities on the environment, like green buildings and electric vehicles.
A country in Southern Africa that is completely surrounded by South Africa. Its capital and largest city is Maseru. A region located in the southern part of the African continent that is comprised of 16 countries.
A country in Southern Africa that is known for Victoria Falls, one of the world's largest waterfalls, and for being home to the Zambian people. A landlocked country in Southern Africa that is known for Lake Malawi, one of the largest lakes in the world by volume, and for being home to the Malawian people.

 

Zimbabwe Botswana
Namibia Swaziland
South Africa Mozambique
Angola Cultures

 

A landlocked country in Southern Africa that is known for the Okavango Delta, a vast inland delta that is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A country in Southern Africa that is known for its natural beauty and for being home to the Zimbabwean people.
A small landlocked country in Southern Africa that is known for its traditional culture and for being home to the Swazi people. A country in Southern Africa that is known for its vast deserts, including the Namib Desert, and for being home to the Namibian people.
A country in Southern Africa that is known for its beaches, coral reefs, and wildlife reserves, and for being home to the Mozambican people. A country in Southern Africa that is known for its diverse population, including people of African, European, and Asian descent, and for being home to the South African people.
The beliefs, customs, and ways of life of a particular group of people. A country in Southern Africa that is known for its oil reserves, diamonds, and rich cultural heritage, and for being home to the Angolan people.

 

Religions Languages

 

Systems of communication, often consisting of spoken and written words, that are used by people of different backgrounds to communicate with one another. Belief systems, often involving worship of a higher power, that are practiced by people around the world.