Population growth Population decline
Demography Fertility rate
Mortality rate Migration
Natural increase Age structure

 

A decrease in the number of individuals in a population over time. An increase in the number of individuals in a population over time.
The average number of children born per woman in a specific population. The study of human populations, including their size, growth, and distribution.
The movement of people from one place to another. The number of deaths in a population, usually expressed per 1,000 individuals per year.
The distribution of individuals by age in a population. The difference between the number of births and the number of deaths in a population.

 

Population pyramid Dependency ratio
Carrying capacity Overpopulation
Population distribution Population density
Migration Urbanization

 

The ratio of dependent individuals (under 15 or over 64 years old) to the working-age population (15-64 years old). A graph that shows the age and sex distribution of a population.
A situation in which the number of individuals in a population exceeds the carrying capacity of the environment. The maximum number of individuals that an environment can support.
The measurement of the number of people per unit of land area. The pattern of where people live within an area or region.
The process by which people move from rural to urban areas. The movement of people from one place to another.

 

Emigration Immigration
Push factors Pull factors
Carrying capacity Population density maps
Demographics Population growth rate

 

The process of coming to live permanently in a foreign country. The process of leaving one's own country to live permanently in another.
Factors that attract people to a particular place, such as jobs or a better quality of life. Factors that cause people to leave their homes and migrate to another place.
Maps that show the distribution and density of population in an area or region. The maximum number of people or organisms that an area can support without causing damage to the environment.
The rate at which the population of an area or region is growing or shrinking over time. The statistical characteristics of human populations, such as age, race, gender, and income.

 

Aztecs Inca
Maya potlatch
quinceañera day of the dead
carnaval favela

 

The Inca were a South American culture located in the Andes mountains, known for their advanced engineering and masonry skills. The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican culture located in central Mexico, known for their complex social hierarchy and advanced agricultural practices.
A potlatch is a traditional gift-giving ceremony and feast that was practiced by various Indigenous cultures in the Pacific Northwest. The Maya were a Mesoamerican culture located in southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize, known for their advanced writing system and astronomical knowledge.
The Day of the Dead is a Mexican holiday that celebrates deceased loved ones with altars, offerings, and parades. A quinceañera is a celebration in many Latin American cultures that marks a girl's 15th birthday and transition into womanhood.
A favela is a slum or informal settlement that is common in many Brazilian cities. Carnaval is a festival that is celebrated in many Latin American and Caribbean countries before the start of Lent, featuring parades, dancing, and costumes.

 

inuit mestizo
zocalo calpulli
Religion Christianity
Islam Judaism

 

Mestizo is a term used to describe people of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry in Latin America. The Inuit are a group of Indigenous people who live in the Arctic regions of Canada, Alaska, and Greenland, known for their traditional hunting and fishing practices.
A calpulli was a pre-Columbian Aztec community that was organized around a shared farming territory, known for their collective labor practices and spiritual beliefs. A zocalo is a public square or plaza that is common in many Latin American cities.
The religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, focusing on the belief in one God, the Holy Trinity, and the salvation of the soul. A set of beliefs, practices, and values that binds believers in a relationship with a transcendent God or gods and with other believers.
A monotheistic religion based on the belief in one God and the adherence to the Torah, the holy book containing Jewish law and tradition. A monotheistic religion founded in the 7th century by the prophet Muhammad, with the Quran as its holy text and the belief in one God, Allah.

 

Buddhism Hinduism
Sikhism Shinto
Taoism Confucianism
Diversity Cultural Significance

 

A polytheistic religion that encompasses a wide range of beliefs and practices, including the caste system and the belief in reincarnation and liberation. A nontheistic religion based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, with the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path as its main principles.
The indigenous religion of Japan, with a focus on the worship of nature and ancestors, and the belief in kami, or spirits or gods. A monotheistic religion founded in the 15th century in India, with the belief in one God and the importance of selfless service and equality.
A philosophical and ethical tradition that emphasizes social and political harmony, the importance of education and scholarship, and the Five Relationships. A nontheistic religion and philosophical tradition that emphasizes harmony with nature and the balance between yin and yang.
The importance and meaning of cultural practices, beliefs, and values within a particular society or group, often reflecting historical, symbolic, or emotional significance. The range of differences and variations within a particular group or society, including but not limited to race, ethnicity, religion, language, culture, and geography.

 

Economic Systems Capitalism
Socialism Communism
Mixed Economy Market Economy
Command Economy Traditional Economy

 

An economic system in which private individuals or corporations own and operate the means of production and distribution for the purpose of generating profits. The system a society uses to produce, distribute, and consume goods and services.
An economic system in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs. An economic system in which the means of production, such as factories and land, are collectively owned and operated by the community as a whole.
An economic system in which decisions about production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services are made by individuals and businesses in a competitive market. An economic system that includes elements of both capitalism and socialism, with some industries privately owned and others owned by the government.
An economic system in which economic decisions, such as what to produce and how to distribute it, are based on custom, tradition, and historical precedent. An economic system in which the government controls production, distribution, and pricing of goods and services.

 

Globalization Economic Geography
Strengths Weaknesses
Globalization Economic geography
Interdependence Outsourcing

 

The study of how economic activities and processes vary spatially, how they interact with human and environmental factors, and how they shape the landscape. The process by which businesses, technologies, and cultures spread throughout the world, leading to increased interconnectedness and interdependence between countries.
The negative aspects of an economic system, such as inequalities in the distribution of wealth, environmental degradation, or lack of innovation. The positive aspects of an economic system, such as its ability to create wealth, promote innovation, or provide access to goods and services.
The study of the location, distribution and spatial organization of economic activities across the world. The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
The practice of hiring workers outside a company to perform services and produce goods that were previously done in-house. The dependence of countries on each other for trade and resources.

 

Multinational corporation Trade liberalization
Cultural homogenization Capital flow
Tariffs Global supply chain
Sweatshops Fiscal policy

 

The removal or reduction of restrictions or barriers on the free exchange of goods between countries. A large corporation that has operations in multiple countries.
The movement of money or investments between countries. The process by which different cultures become more similar or homogeneous due to the influence of global media and communication technologies.
The network of businesses and suppliers involved in the creation and distribution of goods on a global scale. Taxes imposed on imported goods to increase their price and protect domestic industries.
The use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy and achieve policy objectives. Factories or workplaces where workers are subject to poor working conditions, low pay, and long hours.