Unit 1 - Data Representation | ||
Subunit 1 - Binary & Hexadecimal | ||
| Binary Numbers | Binary number / Base 2 / Bit / Nibble / Byte / Binary addition / Binary subtraction / Binary conversion / Floating-point binary number / Encoding / | |
| Negative Numbers in Binary | Two's complement / Negative Number / Binary Number / Sign Bit / Overflow / Magnitude / Ones Complement / Binary Representation / Sign and Magnitude / | |
| Hexadecimal | Hexadecimal / Base / Digits / Binary / Decimal / Conversion / Representation / Nibble / Byte / | |
| Binary Addition | binary addition / binary / addition / bit / carry / overflow / half adder / full adder / binary arithmetic / | |
| Binary Shifts & Overflow | Overflow / Binary shift / Binary Shifts / Shift Left / Shift Right / Logical Shift / Arithmetic Shift / Carry Bit / Shift Amount / Binary underflow / Binary arithmetic / Floating point / Machine precision / | |
Subunit 2 - Data Representation | ||
| ASCII & Unicode | ASCII / Unicode / Character encoding / Character set / ASCII table / UTF-8 / UTF-16 / Binary representation / Bit / | |
| B&W Images | Black and White Images / Pixel / Binary Image / Monochrome / Contrast / Sharpness / Bitmap / Resolution / Bit Depth / File Format / | |
| Grayscale Images | Grayscale image / Intensity / Monochrome / Luminosity / Histogram / Grayscale / Pixel / Bit Depth / Contrast / | |
| Color Images | RGB color model / hex code / color depth / additive color mixing / hex color code / Bit Depth / Pixel / 8-bit / 16-bit / 24-bit / | |
| Data Compression | Image Compression / Lossy Compression / Lossless Compression / JPEG / GIF / PNG / Bitrate / Compression / Data / Image compression artifacts / Blockiness / Color bleeding / Noise / Ring artifacts / Posterization / Aliasing / | |
| Sound Representation | Sound Representation / Audio Signal / Amplitude / Frequency / Waveform / Sampling Rate / Bit Depth / Digital Audio / Analog-to-Digital Conversion / Condenser microphone / Dynamic microphone / Frequency response / Phantom power / Diaphragm / | |
| Binary & Denary Prefixes | binary / denary / prefix / binary prefix / denary prefix / bit / byte / kibibyte / mebibyte / gibibyte / binary search / denary conversion / binary conversion / binary code / megabits / megabytes / | |
| Calculating file sizes | ||
| Calculating Bit Depths | Bit Depth / Color Depth / Quantization / Pixel / Resolution / | |
Subunit 3 - Encryption | ||
| Symmetric & Asymmetric Encryption | ||
Subunit 6 - Data Integrity | ||
| Error Checking | parity bits / error detection / odd parity / even parity / error correction / redundancy / Parity blocks / Data integrity / Checksum / RAID / Fault tolerance / Striping / Parity calculation / Capacity Overhead / MD5 / CRC / echo check / Automatic Repeat Query / Retransmission / Feedback / Packet Loss / Acknowledgment / Timeout / Sequence Number / Check digit / Luhn algorithm / | |
Unit 10 - Logic Gates | ||
Subunit 4 - Logic | ||
| Logic Gates | Logical operator / AND operator / OR operator / NOT operator / XOR operator / Logic Gates / AND Gate / OR Gate / NOT Gate / NAND Gate / NOR Gate / XOR Gate / XNOR Gate / Half Adder / Full Adder / | |
Unit 2 - Networking & The internet | ||
Subunit 1 - Networks | ||
| Introduction to networking | Networking / Router / Switch / IP Address / Protocol / LAN / WAN / Firewall / DNS / Ethernet / | |
| Types of networks – LAN,WAN,PAN | LAN / WAN / PAN / Network / Topology / Router / Switch / Firewall / IP Address / Packet / Bandwidth / Latency / Scalability / Quality of Service (QoS) / Traffic shaping / Internet of Things / Fitness Tracking / Wearable Devices / Smartwatches / Healthcare Monitoring / Personalized Entertainment / Smart Homes / Location Tracking / Mobile Payments / Encryption / WLAN / Wireless access point / SSID / Frequency band / Signal strength / | |
| Network Topologies | Network Topologies / Bus Topology / Star Topology / Ring Topology / Mesh Topology / Tree Topology / Hybrid Topology / Client-Server Topology / Peer-to-Peer Topology / | |
| Client server vs Peer to Peer | Client server / Peer to Peer / Server / Client / Centralized / Decentralized / Scalability / Reliability / Security / Efficiency / P2P network / File sharing / Distributed network / Resource sharing / Fault tolerance / | |
| Network Speeds | Network Speeds / Bandwidth / Latency / Ping / Download Speed / Upload Speed / Throughput / Jitter / Quality of Service (QoS) / Packet Loss / | |
| Network Protocols | TCP / UDP / HTTP / HTTPS / FTP / SMTP / POP3 / IMAP / SSH / NTP / DNS / DHCP / ARP / IPSEC / Network Protocol / Handshake / Standard / IPv4 / IPv6 / SSL/TLS / | |
| TCP/IP Model Stacks & Layers | Network Stacks / Layers / Data Link Layer / Network Layer / Transport Layer / Application Layer / network stack / TCP/IP / routing / interoperability / Scalability / Reliability / Interchangeability / Evolvability / frames / packets / segments / payload / | |
Subunit 2 - Wired Networks | ||
| Wired Networks | Wired Networks / Ethernet / LAN / Router / Switch / Cable / Fiber Optics / Bandwidth / CAT5e / | |
| Switches | Switch / Hub / Network Switch / MAC address table / MAC address / Physical port / Switching / | |
| Routers | Router / Firewall / Routing / IP Addressing / Network Address Translation (NAT) / Quality of Service (QoS) / Virtual Private Network (VPN) / Load Balancing / Packet Filtering / | |
| Servers | servers / hosting / data center / virtualization / dedicated server / redundancy / | |
| Modems | Modem / | |
| Wired Network Transmission Media | Ethernet Cable / Ethernet / bandwidth / | |
| Network Interface Controller | Network Interface Card (NIC) / Network interface controller / Ethernet / Full Duplex / | |
Subunit 3 - Wireless Networks | ||
| Wireless Networks | Wireless Networks / Wireless Communication / Wi-Fi / Bluetooth / Mobile Network / Cellular Network / LAN / WAN / Signal Strength / Roaming / Satellite network / Mesh network / Ad hoc network / NFC / | |
| Mobile communication standards | wifi / router / hotspot / SSID / encryption / bandwidth / signal strength / access point / Authentication / Key / Vulnerability / Cracking / Internet of things / Sensors / Smart Home / Security / | |
| Wireless Network Hardware | NAT / Private IP / Public IP / LAN / Gateway / Router / IP Lease / dhcp / DHCP server / authentication / integrity / authentication protocol / | |
Subunit 4 - Internet & World Wide Web | ||
| Internet vs WWW | Internet / WWW / Network / Browser / HTML / URL / ISP / HTTP / Download / Upload / instant messaging client / text messaging / file sharing / group chat / emoticons / presence status / email clients / inbox / spam / attachment / folders / cloud storage client / file syncing / automatic backup / offline access / | |
| IP v4, IPv6 & MAC Addresses | IPv4 / IPv6 / MAC Address / IP / Internet Protocol version 4 / Internet Protocol version 6 / Media Access Control Address / Network Interface / Data Link Layer / OSI Model / public IP / private IP / NAT / MAC Addresses / mac address spoofing / | |
| HTTP, HTML, CSS & Javascript | HTTP / HTML / URL / GET / POST / HTTP Response / Status Code / Header / Hyperlink / Tag / HTTP Cookie / Session Cookie / Persistent Cookie / Tracking Cookie / Selector / Value / embedded inline external CSS / style attribute / external CSS / stylesheet / cascade / | |
| URLS, DNS & Address resolution | URL / DNS / Address Resolution / Domain / IP Address / Top-Level Domain (TLD) / Hostname / Resolver / URL Encoding / Root DNS Server / subdomain / Host / Hierarchy / Parent Domain / Domain Registrar / Top level domain / Domain Name / DNS Resolver / DNS Record / TTL (Time to Live) / TLD (Top-Level Domain) / Authoritative Name Server / | |
Subunit 5 - Network Security | ||
| Network validation & authentication | Network validation / Authentication / Network security / Digital certificate / Biometric authentication / Access control / Two-factor authentication / Intrusion detection system / Firewall / Security audit / password authentication / credentials / authentication factor / phishing / asymmetric encryption / symmetric encryption / public key / private key / key exchange / encryption / decryption / certificate authority / digital signature / certificate revocation / key pair / | |
| Protecting networks | Firewall / Antivirus / Intrusion Detection System / Encryption / Virtual Private Network / Two-factor authentication / Access control / Intrusion Prevention System / Vulnerability scanning / Security policy / Antivirus Software / Network Segmentation / network security audit / penetration testing / Acceptable Use Policy / User Agreement / Internet Usage Policy / incident response plan / mitigation / | |
| Viruses | computer virus / Antivirus / Trojan Horse / Worm / Ransomware / | |
| Malware | Malware / Virus / Trojan / Ransomware / Spyware / Adware / Worm / Rootkit / Keylogger / Phishing / | |
| Spyware | spyware / | |
| Phishing | Phishing / Spoofing / Two-factor authentication / Phishing website / | |
| DDOS Attacks | DDoS Attack / Zombie Computers / Amplification Attack / Packet Flooding / | |
| Brute Force Attacks | brute force attacks / dictionary attack / | |
| SQL Injection Attacks | SQL injection / Input sanitation / | |
| Insider Threats | Insider Threats / Privileged Access / | |
| Social Engineering | Social Engineering / Pretexting / Baiting / Tailgating / Impersonation / Spear Phishing / | |
| Physical Network Attacks | Physical system attacks / Eavesdropping / Tampering / Impersonation / Physical Tapping / | |
| Botnets | Botnet / Zombie Computers / Command and Control Server / Infected Devices / Bot Herders / | |
Subunit 6 - Digital Currencies | ||
| Digital Currencies | Bitcoin / Blockchain / Cryptocurrency / Decentralization / Fiat Currency / Mining / Smart Contract / Token / Wallet / altcoins / | |
Unit 3 - Computer Hardware | ||
Subunit 1 - Computer Models | ||
| Input-Process-Output Model | Input-Process-Output Model / Input / Process / Output / Data Flow / System / Model / Abstraction / Feedback / Control / | |
| Sequential, Parallel & Multi-agent Models | Parallel algorithm / Sequential / Parallel / Multi-agent / Models / Task / Order / Simultaneously / Processors / Threads / Autonomous / | |
| Von Neumann Architecture | Von Neumann Architecture / Stored-Program Computer / Central Processing Unit / Memory / Instruction Fetch / Instruction Decode / Instruction Execution / Control Unit / Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) / Input/Output (I/O) / bus / control bus / data bus / address bus / register / accumulator / program counter / memory data register / memory address register / instruction register / system bus / | |
| Fetch – Execute Cycle | Fetch / Execute / Cycle / Instruction / Memory / CPU / Step / Retrieve / Sequence / Carry out / Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle / Decode / | |
Subunit 3 - Hardware | ||
| CPU, GPU & Motherboard | Central Processing Unit / Microprocessor / Instruction Set / Clock Speed / Cache Memory / Pipeline / Multicore / CPU / heatsink / fan / thermal paste / overclocking / liquid cooling / finned heatsink / GPU / Parallel processing / Graphics memory / Ray tracing / VRAM / memory slots / expansion slots / Power connectors / Form factor / power supply unit / | |
| Main Memory | Cache Memory / Hits / Misses / RAM / Memory Module / Virtual Memory / Latency / Non-volatile Memory / Memory Management / Swap Space / | |
| Input Devices | Touchscreen / Gestures / Trackpad / Mouse / Stylus / Multi-touch / Touchpad / Haptic feedback / Touch-sensitive / Gesture recognition / keyboards / mechanical keyboards / membrane keyboards / ergonomic keyboards / programmable keyboards / pin pad / ATM / POS terminal / Automated input devices / Barcode scanner / Biometric scanner / Optical character recognition (OCR) / Microphone array / Voice recognition / magnetic stripe reader / Chip and PIN / Contactless Payment / Offline PIN Verification / RFID reader / RFID tag / NFC reader / Contactless technology / document scanner / scan / image sensor / dpi / flatbed scanner / duplex scanning / OCR / PDF / Voice Recognition System / Speech recognition / Natural language processing / Text-to-speech / Sensor / Temperature Sensor / Motion Sensor / Proximity Sensor / Light Sensor / Pressure Sensor / Humidity Sensor / Accelerometer / Gyroscope / Analog to Digital Converter / magnetic sensor / magnetometer / Infrared sensor / ultrasonic sensor / ultrasound / transducer / | |
| Output Devices | Printer / Plotter / Laser printer / Inkjet printer / 3D printer / Extruder / Filament / Build plate / piezoelectric printers / inkjet technology / thermal inkjet / print resolution / print head / monitor / projector / digital signage / VR headset / LCD projector / DLP projector / LED projector / Long throw projector / Full HD projector / e-ink displays / braille display / visually impaired / tactile / embossed / speaker / headphones / sound card / Diaphragm / haptic feedback devices / tactile feedback / force feedback / haptic technology / immersion / kinesthetic sense / wearable haptic devices / | |
| Embedded Devices | Embedded devices / Microcontroller / Firmware / Real-time operating system (RTOS) / Sensor / Internet of Things (IoT) / Embedded software / Single-board computer / | |
Subunit 5 - Storage Devices | ||
| Magnetic Storage Devices | Magnetic storage / Hard disk drive / Read/write head / Track / Sector / Platter / Disk controller / Magnetic tape / Tape drive / Backup / Archiving / Data retention / Data recovery / Data redundancy / Data mirroring / Redundant Array of Independent Disks / Solid-state drive / | |
| Optical Storage Devices | Optical Storage Devices / CD-ROM / DVD / Blu-Ray / Read-only / Write-once / Rewritable / Sector / Track / Pit / Land / Laser / Optical Disc Drive / Reflectivity / Data Density / Rotational Speed / Access Time / Buffer / Caddy / Tray / | |
| Electrical Storage Devices (SSD,Flash Drive) | Electrical Storage Devices / SSD / Flash Drive / Storage / Energy / Data / Integrated Circuits / Portable / Flash Memory / Digital / | |
| Cloud Storage | Cloud Storage / Virtualization / Data Migration / Data Center / Data Redundancy / Cloud Service Provider / Security Protocols / Subscription Model / Data Encryption / Data Replication / Private Cloud / Public Cloud / Hybrid Cloud / Network Latency / Cloud Backup / Disaster Recovery / Cloud Availability / Cloud Scalability / Data Center Virtualization / Cloud Deployment Model / | |
| Data Backups | Backup / Data loss / Disaster recovery / Incremental backup / Full backup / Differential backup / Off-site backup / On-site backup / Magnetic tape backup / Cloud backup / In-house backup / Third-party backup / Backup frequency / Backup retention / Backup verification / Virtual server backup / Physical server backup / Bare-metal restore / Backup compression / Backup encryption / Onsite backups / Offsite backups / Data redundancy / Backup validation / backup legislative compliance / compliance / audit trail / Online Backups / Offline Backups / Remote Server / Cloud-Based Storage / | |
Unit 4 - Computer Software | ||
Subunit 1 - Software | ||
| BIOS & MBR | BIOS / MBR / Bootloader / UEFI / CMOS / Firmware / Partition / Primary Partition / Extended Partition / Logical Partition / Active Partition / Dual-Boot / GRUB / Partition Table / Disk Cloning / Disk Imaging / Sector / Head / Platter / Cylinder / | |
| CLI, GUI & WIMP | CLI / GUI / WIMP / terminal / shell / command / prompt / output / mouse / keyboard / menu / drag and drop / window / icon / scroll bar / tooltip / shortcut / file explorer / taskbar / control panel / remote access / SSH / Remote desktop / WYSIWYG / User Interface / Interface / multimedia / digital media / | |
| Operating Systems | Operating System / Multi-tasking / Multi-user / Kernel / Interrupt / Command Line Interface / Graphical User Interface / File System / Device Driver / Virtual Memory / Process / Thread / Deadlock / File Allocation Table (FAT) / Disk Defragmentation / File Compression / Encryption / System Call / Boot Loader / System Tray / | |
| System / Utility Software | Operating System / Utility Software / Compression Software / Backup Software / Disk Defragmenter / Anti-virus Software / Firewall Software / Spyware Removal Software / Data Recovery Software / Encryption Software / Debugging Software / Compiler / Interpreter / Device Driver / Registry Cleaner / System Restore / Task Manager / Disk Cleanup / System Information / File Manager / System Utility Software / Antivirus Software / Driver Updater / Uninstaller / File Compression Software / | |
| Application Software | Application Software / Operating System / Word Processing Software / Spreadsheet Software / Database Software / Presentation Software / Graphics Software / Web Browser / Email Software / Antivirus Software / Firewall Software / Backup Software / File Compression Software / Media Players / Virtualization Software / Project Management Software / Accounting Software / CRM Software / Desktop Publishing Software / educational software / interactive learning / adaptive learning / gamification / learning management system / simulation software / communication software / email / instant messaging / video conferencing / voice chat / web conferencing / screen sharing / virtual meetings / teleconferencing / entertainment software / video games / music streaming / movie streaming / virtual reality / game development / | |
| Modelling Software | Modelling software / 3D modelling / CAD software / Simulation software / Data modelling / Statistical modelling / Computer-aided engineering / Rendering software / animation software / keyframe / timeline / Mathematical Modeling Software / | |
| Polling vs Interrupts | Polling / Interrupts / Interrupt Vector / Polling Loop / Interrupt Request (IRQ) / Interrupt Latency / Vectored Interrupts / Race condition / Deadlock / Concurrency / Thread / | |
Subunit 2 - High & Low Level Languages | ||
| High & Low Level Languages | High-level language / Low-level language / Compiler / Interpreter / Assembly language / Machine language / Abstraction / Portability / Efficiency / Readability / | |
| Compilers, Interpreters, Assemblers & Translators | Compiler / Interpreter / Assembler / Translator / Lexical Analysis / Syntax Analysis / Semantic Analysis / Code Generation / Optimization / Linker / | |
Unit 5 - Automation | ||
Subunit 1 - Automated Systems | ||
| Monitoring Systems | ||
| Control Systems | open loop control system / closed loop control system / feedback / reference input / error signal / controller / actuator / sensor / proportional control / integral control / PID control / Setpoint / Error / derivative / Electrical actuator / Solenoid / Stepper motor / Brushless DC motor / Linear actuator / Piezoelectric actuator / Servo motor / Pulse Width Modulation / | |
Subunit 2 - Robotics | ||
| Industrial Robots | Industrial Robots / Automation / End Effectors / Accuracy / Flexibility / Payload / safety measures / emergency stop / collision detection / risk assessment / occupational safety / Hazardous / Machine guarding / Safety training / Limited Accuracy / Lack of Flexibility / High Initial Costs / Complex Programming / Safety Concerns / Limited Task Variety / Maintenance and Downtime / Limited Decision-Making Ability / Welding / Painting / Pick-and-Place / Inspection / Material Handling / Machine Tending / Palletizing / Deburring / | |
| Domestic Robots | ||
| Drones | ||
Subunit 3 - Artificial Intelligence | ||
| Artificial Intelligence | Machine learning / Artificial Intelligence / Neural Networks / Natural Language Processing / Expert Systems / Computer Vision / Deep Learning / Chatbots / Robotics / Data Mining / Cognitive Computing / Autonomous Vehicles / Artificial General Intelligence / Reinforcement Learning / Algorithm / Big Data / Genetic Algorithms / Intelligent Agents / Artificial Neural Networks / generative models / unsupervised learning / generative AI / artificial creativity / Cost savings / Predictive Analytics / Data Analysis / AI Bias / Lack of Creativity / Job Displacement / Ethical Dilemmas / Privacy Concerns / Security Risks / Dependency on AI / Limited Emotional Intelligence / Transparency / Explainability / AI negative impact on the environment / Data center emissions / | |
| Machine Learning | ||
| Expert Systems | ||
Unit 6 - Ethical & Legal Considerations | ||
Subunit 1 - Ethical Issues & responsibilities | ||
| Environmental Impact of technology on society | Environmental Impact / Technology / Society / Pollution / E-waste / Carbon footprint / Deforestation / Resource depletion / Digital divide / Greenwashing / Renewable energy / Energy efficiency / Green buildings / Eco-friendly transportation / Smart grid / Waste reduction / Precision agriculture / Environmental monitoring / Telecommuting / Habitat Loss / Species Extinction / Ecosystem / Fragmentation / | |
| Data & Online Privacy | Data / Online Privacy / Encryption / Cookies / Cybersecurity / Anonymity / Data Breach / Phishing / Digital Footprint / Privacy Policy / Data privacy / Security breach / Identity theft / Data breaches / Tracking / Consent / accuracy / retention / data protection laws / personal data / data subject / data controller / Data Minimization / Anonymization / | |
| Inclusion in Computing | Inclusion in Computing / Diversity / Equity / Underrepresented / Bias / Accessibility / Empowerment / Intersectionality / Growth Mindset / Allyship / Digital inclusion / Assistive technology / Web accessibility / Screen reader / Captioning / Inclusive design / Accessible Document Format / Alt Text / Tagged PDF / gender bias / gender gap / glass ceiling / equal opportunities / stereotype / work-life balance / mentorship / Harassment / Sexual Harassment / Microaggression / Digital divide / Technology gap / Internet inequality / Technological disparity / Access divide / Information divide / Connectivity gap / Digital literacy / Information literacy / Computer literacy / Internet literacy / Media literacy / Cybersecurity / | |
| Professionalism in the world of IT | Professionalism / Ethics / Accountability / Communication / Integrity / Confidentiality / Professional Development / Adaptability / Teamwork / Problem-solving / Objectivity / Competence / Fairness / Responsibility / Respect / Sustainability / harassment / whistleblower / reporting / discrimination / retaliation / code of conduct / whistleblower protection / moonlighting / conflict of interest / Continuing education / Certifications / Industry conferences / Online courses / Self-study / Mentorship / Professional networking / | |
| Computer Usage Laws | Legal Considerations / Contract Law / Intellectual Property / Privacy Laws / Employment Law / Compliance / Tort Law / Cybersecurity / Consumer Protection / Corporate Governance / Software Copyright / Patents / Infringement / Trade Secret / Open Source / Invention / Fair Use / Freeware / Shareware / Proprietary / Commercial / Public domain / Trialware / End-user license agreement (EULA) / Site license / Software license / Open source license / Freeware license / Shareware license / Commercial license / Single user license / Multi-user license / Multi User License / Cybercrime Laws / Computer Fraud / Digital Forensics / Online Harassment / Ransomware / Identity Theft / Intellectual Property Laws / Copyright / Trademark / Patent / Creative Commons / Data Protection / Breach Notification / Consent / Cybersecurity Laws / Online Defamation / Cyberbullying / Social Media / Slander / Harassment / Trolling / Online Reputation Management / Anonymity / Impersonation / Domain Name Disputes / Cybersquatting / Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP) / DNS Hijacking / | |
| Copyright | Copyright / Intellectual Property / Fair Use / Plagiarism / Public Domain / Licensing / Exclusive Rights / Infringement / Patent / Exclusivity / Patent Application / Patent Maintenance / Patent Enforcement / Market Exclusivity / Software Patent / Patentability / | |
| Software License Types | Licensing / Proprietary license / Open Source / Proprietary / Freeware / Shareware / Public Domain / Copyleft / GNU General Public License (GPL) / Commercial License / Proprietary License / Compiled Program / Permissive License / MIT License / Site License / | |
Unit 7 - Problem Solving & Algorithms | ||
Subunit 1 - Introduction to Algorithms | ||
| Algorithms | Algorithm / Sorting / Searching / Divide and conquer / Encryption algorithm / Compression algorithm / Search algorithm / Sort algorithm / Iteration / Pattern recognition / Efficiency / Logical reasoning / | |
| Decomposition | Decomposition / Modular programming / Abstraction / Top-down design / Hierarchy / Modularity / Bottom-up Processing / Divide and Conquer / Decentralization / Component / | |
| Flowcharts | Flowchart / Process / Terminal Symbol / Decision Symbol / Process Symbol / Connector Symbol / Flowline / Input Symbol / Output Symbol / Loop Symbol / Iteration / Flowcharting Tool / | |
| Pseudocode, Program Code & Written Descriptions | Pseudocode / Program Code / Syntax / Flowchart / Variable / Control Structure / Loop / Conditional Statement / | |
Subunit 3 - Searching & Sorting Algorithms | ||
| Bubble Sort | Bubble Sort / Comparison / Efficiency / Iteration / Swapping / In-place Sorting / Time Complexity / Space Complexity / Worst-Case Performance / Best-Case Performance / Average-Case Performance / Optimization / Element / Ascending Order / Descending Order / Stable sorting / | |
| Merge Sort | Merge Sort / Divide and conquer / Recursive / Merge / In-place sorting / Stable sort / Comparisons / Swaps / Time complexity / Best case / Average case / Worst case / Big-O notation / Space complexity / In-place merge sort / Recursion / Merge Function / Comparison-based Sort / In-place Sort / Out-of-place Sort / Linearithmic Time Complexity / Logarithmic Time Complexity / Quadratic Time Complexity / Pseudocode / | |
| Linear Search | Sequential Search / Linear Search / List / Index / Search / Unordered / Comparison / Algorithm / Runtime / Complexity / Linear time complexity / Worst-case scenario / Best-case scenario / Average-case scenario / Efficiency / Big O notation / O(n) / Array / Element / Boolean / | |
| Binary Search | Binary Search / Sorted array / Divide and Conquer / Iteration / Target element / Mid-point / Index / Comparison / Time complexity / Space complexity / | |
Subunit 4 - Decomposition & Abstraction | ||
| Subprograms | Subprogram / Function / Procedure / Return statement / Call statement / Modularity / Reusability / Maintainability / Abstraction / Testing / Readability / Efficiency / | |
| Abstraction | Abstraction / Data abstraction / Abstract data type / Abstraction layer / Procedural abstraction / Class / Object / Encapsulation / Inheritance / Polymorphism / | |
Unit 8 - Python Programming | ||
Subunit 1 - Programming Fundamentals & Constructs | ||
| Variables & Constants | Variable / constant / data type / declaration / assignment / scope / global variable / local variable / type inference / | |
| Sequencing & Selection (If & switch statements) | Sequencing / Selection / If statement / Switch statement / Condition / Boolean / Execution path / Nested if statement / Default case / | |
| Definite Iteration | Nested Loop / Definite Iteration / For loop / While loop / Iteration / Loop / Counter / Increment / Decrement / Control flow / | |
| Indefinite Iteration | Indefinite Iteration / Loop / While loop / Do-while loop / For loop / Break statement / Continue statement / Infinite loop / Conditional loop / Control flow / | |
| Arithmetic Operators in Python | Arithmetic Operators / Addition Operator / Subtraction Operator / Multiplication Operator / | |
| Logical Operators in Python | Logical Operators / AND / OR / NOT / XOR / | |
| Comparison Operators in Python | Comparison Operators / == / != / > / < / >= / <= / in / not in / is / | |
Subunit 2 - Error Handling & Validation | ||
| Error Types | Syntax Error / Runtime Error / Logic Error / Type Error / Null Pointer Exception / Arithmetic Error / Index Out of Bounds / File Not Found / Overflow Error / Underflow Error / IndentationError / NameError / TypeError / ValueError / IndexError / KeyError / FileNotFoundError / ZeroDivisionError / | |
| Types of Testing | Unit Testing / Integration Testing / System Testing / Acceptance Testing / Regression Testing / Black Box Testing / White Box Testing / Test Case / dry run testing / walkthrough testing / alpha testing / beta testing / stub testing / | |
| Test Plans & Test Data | Testing / Test Plans / Test Data / Test Case / Test Scenario / Test Suite / Test Execution / Test Coverage / Boundary Testing / Equivalence Partitioning / Regression Testing / | |
| Debugging Techniques | Debugging / Breakpoint / Stepping / Variable Watch / Stack Trace / Logging / Assertion / Memory Dump / Code Review / Tracing / Binary Search / | |
| Trace Tables | Trace Tables / Variable / Expression / Statement / Value / Initial value / Final value / Iteration / Condition / Boolean expression / Logical operator / Relational operator / Concatenation / Debugging / Syntax error / Logic error / Runtime error / Function / Recursion / | |
| Verification & Validation | range check / presence check / format check / length check / syntax check / boundary check / entry verification / validation / luhn / isbn / barcode / checksum / data validation / checksum validation / verification process / barcode scanner / Uniqueness check / Pattern check / Type check / Data integrity / Schema validation / | |
Subunit 3 - Data Types | ||
| Strings | String / Concatenation / Index / Substring / Length / Escape Sequence / Immutable / Comparing / String Methods / Case Sensitivity / | |
| Integer | Integer / Positive Integer / Negative Integer / Zero / Prime Integer / Integer Division / Integer Overflow / | |
| Float data type | Float data type / Floating-point precision / Floating-point number / Decimal numbers / Floating-point arithmetic / Floating-point constant / Overflow / Underflow / | |
| Boolean | Boolean / True / False / Logic / Boolean Operator / AND Operator / OR Operator / NOT Operator / Truth Table / Boolean Algebra / | |
Subunit 4 - Data Structures | ||
| 1 Dimensional Arrays | Array / Elements / Index / Array Size / Initialization / Access / Traversal / Search / Insertion / Deletion / Element / Traverse / Update / Sort / | |
| 2 Dimensional Arrays | 2D Array / Rows / Columns / Elements / Index / Initialization / Access / Traversal / Array Length / Nested Arrays / Element / Row / Column / Array Size / Modification / | |
| Dictionaries | Dictionary / Key / Value / Mutable / Immutable / Length / Update / Keys / Values / Clear / Pop / Nested Dictionary / Hash Table / Dictionary Methods / Items / Get / In / Copy / Dictionary Comprehension / | |
| Records data structure | Records data structure / Record / Field / Attribute / Key / Value / Index / Linked list / Array / Binary tree / | |
Subunit 5 - Advanced Topics | ||
| Functions & Procedures | Procedure / Parameter / Return Value / Local Variable / Global Variable / Recursion / function / argument / call / modularization / Function scope / Block scope / scope / Subprogram / Return statement / | |
| Strings Methods & String Manipulation | Strings Methods / String Manipulation / Concatenation / Substring / Length / Indexing / Case Conversion / Replacing / Splitting / Trimming / String slicing / Start index / End index / Step value / Positive index / Negative index / | |