1			13
		2
	3/12																	18
			4								16
														17
						5
				6
			14
7
	8
											15
	9
				10
			11

Across

1. A method of error detection where the number of 1s, including the parity bit, is always odd.

2. A signal sent by the receiver to inform the sender that data packets have been successfully received.

3. Information sent from the receiver to the sender to indicate whether data packets have been successfully received or not.

4. A mathematical formula used to validate a variety of identification numbers.

5. The inclusion of extra information or resources in a system to improve reliability and provide backup in case of failures.

6. The process of detecting and correcting errors that occur during data transmission or storage using error correction codes.

7. Blocks of data that are used for error checking and correction in a storage system.

8. A digit added to a number to help detect errors.

9. A technique used in computer networks to handle lost or corrupted data packets by retransmitting them automatically.

10. The process of deriving parity information from the data blocks.

11. Bits added to binary data to ensure an even or odd count of 1s.

Down

12. The ability of a system to continue functioning properly in the event of hardware or software failures.

13. The failure of one or more data packets to reach their destination due to factors like network congestion or transmission errors.

14. The period of time after which a sender assumes that a data packet has been lost and triggers retransmission.

15. A method of error detection where the number of 1s, including the parity bit, is always even.

16. A storage technology that uses parity blocks to improve data reliability and performance.

17. The process of verifying the integrity of network data by sending a request packet and comparing the echoed response packet.

18. A unique identifier assigned to each data packet to ensure correct ordering and detect duplicate packets.

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