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1. Where an attacker uses a list of words, phrases, or commonly used passwords to attempt unauthorized access to a system.
2. The process of converting ciphertext into plaintext using a decryption algorithm and a key.
3. An attack where an attacker alters data or devices in a network to disrupt operations or gain unauthorized access.
4. Unique physical or behavioral characteristics like fingerprints or iris scans are utilized to verify an individual's identity through the process of authentication.
5. A method of social engineering where an unauthorized person follows an authorized individual to gain access to a restricted area.
6. The process of filtering and validating user input before using it in an application.
7. In asymmetric encryption, a key that is kept secret and used for decryption.
8. The process of converting plaintext into ciphertext using an encryption algorithm and a key.
9. Attacks that exploit vulnerabilities in a physical system, such as tampering with hardware or interrupting power supply.
10. A code injection technique that attackers use to exploit vulnerabilities in a web application's database layer.
11. Security risks posed by individuals within an organization, such as employees or former employees.
12. An organization that issues digital certificates and verifies the authenticity of entities.
13. A cryptographic system that uses two different keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption.
14. An electronic document that confirms the credibility of a sender or receiver in a network communication.
15. A social engineering tactic where attackers pretend to be someone else to deceive individuals and gain access to confidential information.
16. The process of assessing a network's security measures to identify weaknesses, evaluate potential threats, and suggest enhancements.
17. A form of attack where an unauthorized party intercepts and monitors communication on a network.