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Across

1. The smallest and fastest level of cache memory located closest to the CPU core, typically ranging from 16KB to 128KB per core.

2. An event where the requested data or instruction is not found in the fast access memory, necessitating fetching the data from a slower memory source.

3. Memory management is a process of efficiently allocating and deallocating memory in an operating system to optimize overall system performance.

4. In cache memory, a miss occurs when the requested data is not found in the cache and needs to be fetched from the main memory.

5. A type of computer memory that retains data even when power is not supplied, such as ROM or flash memory.

6. A small amount of high-speed memory located close to the CPU that temporarily stores frequently accessed data to reduce access times.

7. Cache memory is a type of high-speed memory that stores frequently used data for quicker access.

8. A small circuit board that contains multiple RAM chips and is inserted into a computer's motherboard to provide additional memory.

Down

9. The delay between the time a memory request is made and the time the data is accessed, measured in nanoseconds.

10. An area of the hard disk used by the operating system as an extension of physical memory (RAM) when the system needs more memory than it currently has.

11. A situation where the requested piece of data or instruction is found in a fast access memory area, allowing for quicker retrieval.

12. A technique that uses a portion of the computer's hard drive as an extension of RAM, allowing the system to run more programs simultaneously.

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