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1. The use of personal area networks to enable secure and convenient mobile payments using smartphones, wearables, or other personal devices.
2. A type of network topology in which all the nodes are connected to a single cable called a bus.
3. The physical or logical arrangement of devices and connections in a network is defined by the organization and structure of network components.
4. A combination of two or more different network topologies, such as star-bus or ring-mesh.
5. The most recent version of the Internet Protocol, designed to replace IPv4, using a 128-bit address scheme.
6. A network topology where all the devices or nodes can act as both clients and servers to each other.
7. A computer or system that requests and utilizes services or resources provided by servers in a network.
8. The layer responsible for routing of packets across networks.
9. A network security device that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
10. A widely accepted and recognized specification or protocol used for uniformity and compatibility.
11. A type of network topology in which nodes are arranged in a hierarchical structure, resembling a tree.
12. A type of network topology in which each node is connected to every other node, forming a fully interconnected network.
13. The ability of a system or software to adapt over time to meet changing requirements.
14. Interoperability is the ability of different network stacks, devices, or systems to seamlessly exchange and interpret data.
15. Cryptographic protocols designed to provide secure communication over a computer network.
16. A unit of data transmitted over a network comprises a header and payload, which contain the actual information being sent.
17. A networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.
18. A network topology in which every node is directly connected to every other node.