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1. The practice of modifying the media access control address of a network device to masquerade as a different device or to bypass access controls.
2. A separate CSS file that is linked to an HTML document using the 'link' element.
3. The fourth version of the Internet Protocol, which is the primary protocol in use on the Internet.
4. The process used to translate private IP addresses to public IP addresses, and vice versa.
5. Uniform Resource Locator, a web address that specifies the location of a resource on the Internet.
6. A computer or server that stores and serves websites or other resources requested by clients. It can have multiple subdomains associated with it.
7. Open Systems Interconnection model, a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a communication system into seven layers.
8. An IP address that is reserved for internal use within a private network.
9. A unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment.
10. The process of creating regular and automated backups of files and folders to ensure data integrity and protection against data loss in cloud storage.
11. The part of a domain name that comes after the final dot, such as .com.
12. In an HTTP request or response, additional information is included alongside the main content, which supplies specific details pertaining to the request or response, such as the type of content or cookies.
13. To copy or transfer data from a remote computer or server to a local device.
14. A software application or service that allows users to access, manage, and store data in a cloud storage system.
15. A software application that allows users to send and receive instant messages over a network.
16. A distinct title that designates a website on the Internet.
17. A type of HTTP cookie that is stored on the user's computer for a longer period of time and remains even after closing the web browser.
18. A numerical label is given to every device connected to a computer network that utilizes the Internet Protocol for communication.
19. A cookie used to track the browsing behavior of the user across different websites.