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1. A data structure used to map virtual pages to physical frames, allowing efficient tracking and management of memory addresses.
2. The process of converting virtual addresses used by a program into physical addresses used by the computer's memory.
3. Interrupts that provide additional information to the CPU about the source, priority, and location of the interrupt service routine to be executed.
4. The ability of a computer to run multiple applications simultaneously without exhausting available resources.
5. The ability of an operating system to run multiple programs or tasks concurrently.
6. A process that reorganizes the files on a disk to optimize their placement and improve access times.
7. A technique used by an operating system to extend the amount of usable memory by temporarily transferring data from RAM to a disk.
8. A software component that allows an operating system to communicate with and control a specific hardware device.
9. A signal sent by a hardware device to request attention from the CPU by causing an interrupt to be processed.
10. The core component of an operating system that manages the system's resources and provides basic services for other programs.
11. A request made by a program for a service or resource provided by an operating system's kernel.
12. An interface that allows a user to interact with an operating system or program by typing commands into a terminal or console.
13. A situation in which two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for another to release a resource.
14. A feature of a graphical user interface that displays icons for system-related notifications and services.
15. A signal sent to the processor by a device or program to request the processor's attention.
16. An interface that allows a user to interact with an operating system or program using graphical elements such as windows, icons, and menus.
17. A programming construct that continuously checks for a specific condition or event until it becomes true.
18. The ability of an operating system to allow multiple users to use the same computer simultaneously.
19. A software that acts as an interface between user applications and the computer's hardware.