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1. A compiled version of Java source code designed to be executed by the Java Virtual Machine.
2. A component that improves the performance of Java applications by compiling bytecode into native machine code at runtime.
3. The ability of a program to run on different operating systems without modification.
4. A feature that enforces access controls during code execution to protect the system from untrusted code.
5. An automatic memory management process that reclaims memory occupied by objects that are no longer in use.
6. The component responsible for executing the instructions contained in loaded classes.
7. A subsystem that is responsible for loading class files into the Java Virtual Machine.