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Across

1. A type of electrical actuator that moves in discrete steps, based on digital pulses, allowing for precise control.

2. A control system where the output is not fed back to the input.

3. An electrical actuator that produces linear motion, often used in applications such as robotics or automation systems.

4. A control strategy that accumulates the error signal over time to eliminate steady-state errors.

5. The part of a control system that converts the controller's output into a physical action or signal.

6. A control strategy where the controller's output is proportional to the error signal.

7. The desired value or setpoint that a control system tries to achieve.

8. The difference between the reference input and the actual output of a control system.

9. A motor that uses electronic commutation instead of brushes to control the current flow in the windings, resulting in better efficiency and longevity.

Down

10. The component of a control system that calculates the necessary adjustments to minimize the error signal.

11. An electromagnetic device that uses a coil of wire to generate a magnetic field, which in turn produces mechanical motion.

12. A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to produce linear or rotary motion.

13. A type of actuator that uses the piezoelectric effect to generate motion when an electric field is applied.

14. A control algorithm that adjusts the output based on the proportional, integral, and derivative terms.

15. A motor that operates as a closed-loop system, using feedback to control the position, speed, and torque accurately.

16. A technique used to control the position of a servo motor by varying the width of electrical pulses.

17. Information about the system's output that is used to adjust the system's input.

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