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1. The ability of different classes to be treated as instances of the same class through a common interface, allowing for flexibility in code.
2. A function defined within a class that describes the behavior of instances of that class.
3. A concept in OOP that allows defining complex systems while hiding unnecessary details.
4. A special method in a class that is called when an object is instantiated, initializing its attributes.
5. Class attributes that cannot be accessed directly from outside the class, typically prefixed with an underscore or double underscore.
6. An instance of a class that contains data and methods related to that data.
7. The bundling of data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit or object.
8. A mechanism that allows a new class to inherit properties and behavior from an existing class, promoting code reuse.