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1. Open Systems Interconnection model, a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a communication system into seven layers.
2. A unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment.
3. A device or software component that enables a computer to connect to a network.
4. The second layer in the OSI model, responsible for the reliable transmission of data frames between network nodes.
5. A globally unique IP address that is assigned to a device connected to a public network.
6. The fourth version of the Internet Protocol, which is the primary protocol in use on the Internet.
7. The process used to translate private IP addresses to public IP addresses, and vice versa.
8. The practice of modifying the media access control address of a network device to masquerade as a different device or to bypass access controls.
9. Media Access Control Address, a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications at the data link layer of a network segment.
10. Internet Protocol version 6, the most recent version of the Internet Protocol, designed to succeed IPv4.
11. An IP address that is reserved for internal use within a private network.