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Across

1. Bits added to binary data to ensure an even or odd count of 1s.

2. The process of detecting and correcting errors that occur during data transmission or storage using error correction codes.

3. A unique identifier assigned to each data packet to ensure correct ordering and detect duplicate packets.

4. A value calculated from the data to verify its integrity and detect errors.

5. A method of error detection where the number of 1s, including the parity bit, is always odd.

6. A mathematical formula used to validate a variety of identification numbers.

7. A signal sent by the receiver to inform the sender that data packets have been successfully received.

8. A method of error detection where the number of 1s, including the parity bit, is always even.

9. The process of resending data packets that have been lost or corrupted during transmission.

10. A technique used in computer networks to handle lost or corrupted data packets by retransmitting them automatically.

Down

11. Blocks of data that are used for error checking and correction in a storage system.

12. The inclusion of extra information or resources in a system to improve reliability and provide backup in case of failures.

13. The process of verifying the integrity of network data by sending a request packet and comparing the echoed response packet.

14. The assurance that data remains accurate, consistent, and complete throughout its lifecycle.

15. A technique where data is divided into blocks and stored across multiple disks, including parity blocks.

16. The process of detecting and correcting errors that occur during data transmission or storage.

17. The ability of a system to continue functioning properly in the event of hardware or software failures.

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