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Across

1. A concurrency control technique in database systems where transactions are ordered based on their timestamp values.

2. A specific action carried out on a database.

3. Ensuring that the execution of multiple transactions produces the same result as if they were executed sequentially.

4. A set of properties that guarantee that database transactions are processed reliably.

5. A process that reverses the effects of a transaction by applying the opposite changes recorded in the transaction log.

6. Techniques and mechanisms used to manage the simultaneous execution of transactions without interference or inconsistency.

7. The process of restoring a database to a previous state using the information in the transaction log.

8. A unit of work performed on a database that follows the ACID approach.

9. The process of performing multiple database operations as a single unit of work, ensuring consistency and integrity of data.

10. A property that determines how concurrent transactions interact with each other and the level of data visibility.

Down

11. The process of determining the order in which transactions should be executed in a database system.

12. The property that ensures that committed transactions survive permanent system failures.

13. The process of undoing all changes made within a transaction and returning the database to its previous state.

14. The ability to recover a database to a specific moment in time using the transaction log.

15. A mechanism used in the recovery process of a database to bring it to a consistent state after a crash.

16. A process that reapplies the changes recorded in the transaction log during database recovery.

17. A sequential record of all the changes made to a database, stored in the transaction log.

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