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Across

1. A sequence of database operations executed as a single, indivisible unit ensuring data integrity and consistency.

2. The process of determining the order in which transactions should be executed in a database system.

3. The property ensuring an operation completes fully or not at all, preventing partial changes from being applied.

4. A file that contains a systematic record of events, actions, or observations.

5. Ensuring that the execution of multiple transactions produces the same result as if they were executed sequentially.

6. The ability to recover a database to a specific moment in time using the transaction log.

7. A chronological record documenting every modification made to a database, typically stored in a transaction log.

8. A mechanism used to control concurrent access to data, preventing conflicts and ensuring data consistency.

9. A protocol where transactions acquire all locks before execution and release them after, ensuring serializability.

10. A process that applies logged transaction changes to restore a database during recovery.

11. The process of performing multiple database operations as a single unit of work, ensuring consistency and integrity of data.

12. A database property that controls how simultaneous transactions affect each other's data visibility and consistency.

13. Techniques and mechanisms used to manage the simultaneous execution of transactions without interference or inconsistency.

Down

14. The property that ensures that committed transactions survive permanent system failures.

15. A task performed on data within a database to retrieve, modify, add, or remove information.

16. Property ensuring transactions produce results equivalent to some sequential execution despite concurrent processing.

17. The property that ensures the database remains in a valid state after a transaction.

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