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Across

1. A placeholder is a character or sequence of characters used in a SQL statement as a substitute for a parameter value.

2. Values that are substituted into the SQL parameter query at runtime.

3. A clause in SQL that is used to group rows based on one or more columns.

4. A SQL statement that uses parameters to substitute variable values in the query.

5. A clause in SQL that limits the number of rows returned in a query result.

6. A function in SQL that performs calculations on a set of values and returns a single value.

7. A clause in SQL that allows you to retrieve only rows from a table that meet specified criteria.

8. A nested query in SQL that is placed within another query and is used to retrieve data from multiple tables.

9. A code injection technique that attackers use to exploit vulnerabilities in a database's SQL statements.

10. The process of fetching specific data from a database based on certain criteria or conditions.

11. A field in a database or data table that is calculated or derived from other fields, rather than being directly inputted or stored.

Down

12. Symbols used to represent parameter placeholders in a SQL statement.

13. A clause in SQL that allows you to specify conditions on groups of rows created by the 'GROUP BY' clause.

14. A table that is not physically stored in the database but is created dynamically based on the result of a query.

15. A structured collection of data that is organized and accessible in various ways.

16. A keyword in SQL used to return only unique rows in the result of a query.

17. A method used to retrieve specific information from a database by creating a virtual table that combines data from multiple tables.

18. Security vulnerabilities that occur when user input is directly concatenated into SQL queries.

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