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1. A placeholder is a character or sequence of characters used in a SQL statement as a substitute for a parameter value.
2. A SQL statement that uses parameters to substitute variable values in the query.
3. A nested query in SQL that is placed within another query and is used to retrieve data from multiple tables.
4. Security vulnerabilities that occur when user input is directly concatenated into SQL queries.
5. The process of fetching specific data from a database based on certain criteria or conditions.
6. A field in a database or data table that is calculated or derived from other fields, rather than being directly inputted or stored.
7. A function in SQL that performs calculations on a set of values and returns a single value.
8. Values that are substituted into the SQL parameter query at runtime.
9. A structured collection of data that is organized and accessible in various ways.
10. A table that is not physically stored in the database but is created dynamically based on the result of a query.
11. A statement in SQL that allows you to perform different actions based on a set of conditions.
12. A method used to retrieve specific information from a database by creating a virtual table that combines data from multiple tables.
13. Symbols used to represent parameter placeholders in a SQL statement.