1								16
																			18
13
		15			2
3
					4
				5
											17
	6/14
											7
				8
			9
											10
11
											12

Across

1. The inclusion of extra information or resources in a system to improve reliability and provide backup in case of failures.

2. The assurance that data remains accurate, consistent, and complete throughout its lifecycle.

3. A digit added to a number to help detect errors.

4. A technique used in computer networks to handle lost or corrupted data packets by retransmitting them automatically.

5. A unique identifier assigned to each data packet to ensure correct ordering and detect duplicate packets.

6. The process of deriving parity information from the data blocks.

7. The period of time after which a sender assumes that a data packet has been lost and triggers retransmission.

8. The failure of one or more data packets to reach their destination due to factors like network congestion or transmission errors.

9. The process of detecting and correcting errors that occur during data transmission or storage.

10. A signal sent by the receiver to inform the sender that data packets have been successfully received.

11. The process of verifying the integrity of network data by sending a request packet and comparing the echoed response packet.

12. The process of detecting and correcting errors that occur during data transmission or storage using error correction codes.

Down

13. A value calculated from the data to verify its integrity and detect errors.

14. Blocks of data that are used for error checking and correction in a storage system.

15. A method of error detection where the number of 1s, including the parity bit, is always even.

16. The additional storage space required to store parity blocks, reducing the overall usable capacity of a RAID system.

17. The ability of a system to continue functioning properly in the event of hardware or software failures.

18. A method of error detection where the number of 1s, including the parity bit, is always odd.

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