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Across

1. The process of transferring data between the computer and external devices, such as keyboards, monitors, and printers.

2. Software that replicates real-world situations or processes, allowing users to explore and learn through interactive simulations.

3. A method of connecting multiple mainframes to work together as a single system

4. Duration for which data has to be preserved and kept accessible.

5. A type of secondary memory storage device that uses magnetic disk storage to store large amounts of data long-term.

6. Electronic components made of interconnected semiconductor devices on a single chip.

7. Software used to create backup copies of data or files.

8. A type of software that helps manage and optimize the performance of computer systems.

9. A method of learning that involves active engagement with educational software, allowing users to interact and participate in the learning process.

10. A device that reads and writes data to optical storage devices such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-Ray disks.

11. The last step in the instruction execution cycle, where the CPU carries out the instruction.

12. A disk-shaped component of a hard drive that stores data.

13. Software used to reduce the size of one or more files.

Down

14. a register that holds the currently executed instruction in a CPU

15. Magnetic storage device that uses several disks coated with magnetic material to store data permanently.

16. Software used to flash ROMs, kernels, and other system files onto Android devices.

17. A bus in a computer architecture that is used to transmit data between the CPU and other hardware components.

18. The process of determining the exact operation to be performed and the operands of a given instruction.

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