In every ecosystem, organisms are classified into different levels of organization, ranging from individual organisms to the entire biosphere. The smallest unit of life is the , which is often referred to as the basic building block of all living things. Cells group together to form tissues, which in turn combine to create . These organs work together in organ systems to perform complex functions necessary for survival.
The interactions between different organisms in an ecosystem are vital for maintaining balance. These interactions can be classified into two main categories: and mutualism. Competition occurs when multiple organisms vie for the same resource, such as food or habitat, leading to a struggle for survival. On the other hand, mutualism describes a relationship where both organisms benefit, such as bees pollinating flowers while collecting .
Moreover, energy flows through ecosystems in a series of steps known as the food chain. At the base of this chain are producers, primarily plants, which convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis. This energy is then transferred to primary consumers, often , which eat the producers. Higher-level consumers, known as , feed on these herbivores, thus continuing the cycle of energy transfer within the ecosystem.
