is a cutting-edge field of study that focuses on harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics to develop revolutionary computational techniques. At the core of quantum computing lies the concept of s, also known as quantum bits. Unlike classical bits, which represent information as either a 0 or a 1, qubits can exist in a state of , allowing them to be both 0 and 1 simultaneously. This superposition property enables quantum computers to perform vast parallel computations.
is another fundamental feature of quantum computing, whereby two or more qubits become intertwined, regardless of the distance between them. This phenomenon allows for correlations between qubits and plays a vital role in s and information processing. s, similar to classical logic gates, are utilized to manipulate qubits, executing operations like the that help create superpositions or entanglement.
However, quantum systems are highly susceptible to , which refers to the loss of quantum information due to interactions with the environment. Overcoming decoherence is a major challenge in quantum computing as preserving the delicate nature of qubits is essential. techniques have been developed to tackle this issue, ensuring the reliability and accuracy of quantum computations.
One of the most sought-after milestones in the field is achieving , which refers to a quantum computer surpassing the capabilities of classical computers in solving specific computational problems. Achieving quantum supremacy would signify a significant breakthrough, demonstrating the potential of quantum computing to outperform classical computers in certain domains.
and are applications that leverage the principles of quantum mechanics for secure communication. Traditional communication channels are vulnerable to , whereas quantum cryptography utilises the fundamental properties of quantum physics to ensure secure transmission of data. , on the other hand, focuses on developing encryption techniques that remain secure even in the presence of powerful quantum computers.
