is an effective software development approach that promotes the use of and to manage complexities in a systematic manner. It follows a process, emphasizing the creation of a of well-defined and reusable s. Through , large problems can be divided into smaller, more manageable sub-problems, belonging to a approach. This strategy enables the of tasks, allowing different teams or individuals to work concurrently on separate components. By encapsulating functionality within each component, the overall system becomes more maintainable, extensible, and easier to understand. Therefore, modularity plays a vital role in ensuring the scalability and flexibility of software systems, making modular programming an essential practice in modern software development.