An is a software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. One of the key features of an operating system is , where it allows multiple programs to run simultaneously on a single computer. This enables users to perform different tasks concurrently, enhancing productivity and efficiency. Another crucial aspect is support, enabling multiple users to access and interact with the system simultaneously.
The is the core component of an operating system, responsible for managing the system's resources and providing a bridge between hardware and software. It handles tasks such as memory management, scheduling, and device control. s are signals sent by hardware or software to interrupt the normal execution of a program, allowing other tasks or processes to take place.
Operating systems can have different types of interfaces. One of them is the (CLI), which allows users to interact with the system by typing commands. On the other hand, the (GUI) offers a more user-friendly and visually appealing environment, with icons, windows, menus, and buttons to interact with the system easily.
A is the method used by an operating system to organize and store files on a storage device. It manages the structure and metadata of files, enabling efficient retrieval, modification, and deletion of data. s are software components that enable the operating system to communicate with hardware devices such as printers, scanners, and graphics cards.
is a feature that allows an operating system to use a portion of the hard disk as an extension of the computer's RAM. It allows the system to run larger programs or multiple programs simultaneously even if the physical memory is insufficient. Processes are instances of computer programs that are being executed, each having its own memory space and resources. s, on the other hand, are lightweight and independent units of execution within a process.
is a situation where multiple processes or threads are unable to proceed because each is waiting for a resource held by another. This can lead to a frozen system or application, requiring intervention from the operating system to resolve the deadlock and restore functionality.
is a file system commonly used in older operating systems to manage files and directories. is a process where the operating system reorganizes fragmented files on a storage device to optimize performance. is a technique that reduces the size of files, allowing for efficient storage and transmission. is the process of converting information into a form that is unreadable without the proper decryption key, ensuring data security and confidentiality.
s are functions provided by the operating system that can be called by user programs or other parts of the system to request services such as file operations, process management, or device I/O. The is the initial software that starts the operating system during the computer's boot process. It performs essential tasks like loading the kernel into memory and initializing the system. The is a part of the GUI that displays icons representing running programs or system services and provides quick access to their functionality.
Keywords
graphical user interface | virtual memory | kernel | operating system | system call | device driver | deadlock | system tray | command line interface | process | file allocation table (fat) | file system | multi-tasking | disk defragmentation | file compression | multi-user | thread | boot loader | interrupt | encryption |
