In the study of ecosystems, the term refers to a large geographic biotic unit, a major community of plants and animals with similar life forms and environmental conditions. Each biome is characterized by its distinct , which includes factors such as temperature, precipitation, and humidity. Understanding the different biomes is crucial as they contribute to the diversity of living organisms on Earth, and each one supports unique species that are adapted to those specific conditions.
Photosynthesis is a fundamental process carried out by and some other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy. During this process, chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and uses it to transform carbon dioxide and water into and oxygen. This not only sustains the plants, but it also provides oxygen for other organisms and forms the base of the food chain in most ecosystems.
In addition to photosynthesis, plays an essential role in nutrient cycling within ecosystems. Decomposers such as bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning vital nutrients to the soil, which promotes growth. This cycle ensures that energy flows and matter is recycled throughout the ecosystem, maintaining balance and supporting life.
Human activities have significant impacts on ecosystems, often leading to habitat and loss of biodiversity. Deforestation, pollution, and urbanization contribute to changes in the environment that can disrupt the delicate balance of these systems. It is crucial to implement sustainable practices to mitigate these impacts and ensure the long-term health and of ecosystems around the world.
