Password authentication is a fundamental security mechanism used to verify the identity of attempting to access a computer system, application, or online service. It relies on users providing a secret passphrase, known as a , which they have previously chosen and shared with the system. To enhance security, passwords are typically not stored in their raw form but are instead stored as cryptographic values. The authentication system compares the hash of the entered password to the hash of the stored password associated with the user's account. If they match, the user is granted access; if not, access is denied.
Password vulnerabilities refer to weaknesses or flaws in the way passwords are created, managed, or that can make systems, accounts, or data more susceptible to unauthorized access and security breaches. Common vulnerabilities include weak passwords, password reuse, and failing to change passwords. Weak passwords can be easily guessed or cracked by attackers, leading to unauthorized access to accounts, systems, and sensitive data. Factors contributing to the weakness of passwords include short length, lack of , and the use of common words or personal information that can be easily found online.
Creating a strong password is crucial for enhancing online security and protecting accounts from unauthorized access. Tips to create a strong password include making it long (at least 12 characters), using a mix of uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and characters, and avoiding common words or easily discoverable personal information. Additionally, implementing Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) adds another layer of by requiring users to provide two different authentication factors before they can gain access to a system.
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