Password authentication is a fundamental security mechanism used to verify the identity of users attempting to access a computer system, application, or online service. It relies on users providing a secret passphrase, known as a , which they have previously chosen and shared with the system. To enhance security, passwords are typically not stored in their raw form but are instead stored as hash values. The authentication system compares the hash of the entered password to the hash of the stored password associated with the user's account. If they match, the user is granted access; if not, access is denied.
Password vulnerabilities refer to weaknesses or flaws in the way passwords are created, managed, or used that can make systems more susceptible to unauthorized access and security breaches. Common vulnerabilities include weak passwords, reuse, and failing to change vendor passwords. Weak passwords are particularly concerning, as they can be easily guessed or cracked by attackers. Several factors contribute to weak passwords, such as length, lack of complexity, and using common words or easily guessable patterns.
Creating a strong password is crucial for enhancing online security and protecting accounts from unauthorized access. Strong passwords should be at least characters long and use a mix of uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and special characters. Additionally, it's important to avoid common words or phrases and to keep personal information private. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) adds an extra layer of security by requiring users to provide two different authentication factors before gaining access. This process can include something you know, such as a , and something you have, like a mobile device.
