End Users | Design Process |
User Requirements | Feedback |
Usability Issues | Poor Adoption Rate |
Wasted Resources | Competitive Disadvantage |
The series of steps and activities involved in creating a product or service. | The individuals who will ultimately use the product or service being designed. |
Input provided by end users on the design of a product or service. | The specific needs, preferences, and expectations of end users that must be considered during design. |
Low uptake or acceptance of a product or service by end users due to design flaws. | Problems related to the ease of use, functionality, and overall user experience of a product or service. |
A loss of competitive edge in the market due to inferior product or service design. | Resources, such as time and money, that are expended on a poorly designed product or service. |
Negative Reputation | Stakeholder |
Requirement Elicitation | Interviews |
Surveys | Observations |
Prototyping | Focus Groups |
A person or organization with a vested interest or concern in the project and its outcomes. | Harm to the brand or image of a company resulting from dissatisfied end users. |
A method of obtaining stakeholder requirements by holding one-on-one discussions to gather insights and information. | The process of gathering and documenting requirements from stakeholders through various techniques such as interviews, surveys, and workshops. |
A technique that involves directly observing stakeholders in their natural environment to understand their behaviors and interactions. | A tool used to collect feedback and preferences from a large group of stakeholders to understand their needs and expectations. |
A facilitated discussion with a small group of stakeholders to gather diverse perspectives and insights on the project requirements. | Creating a working model or prototype of the project to gather feedback and refine requirements based on stakeholder input. |
Document Analysis | Brainstorming |
Workshops | Internal Stakeholders |
Managers | Employees |
IT Department | Executives |
A creative technique used to generate ideas and solutions for project requirements through a collaborative and structured group session. | Reviewing existing documentation such as project charters, business cases, and user manuals to extract requirements and insights from stakeholders. |
Members of an organization who are directly involved in the use and implementation of ICT systems. | Interactive sessions with stakeholders to discuss and prioritize project requirements, facilitate collaboration, and reach consensus on key priorities. |
Internal stakeholders in ICT systems who use technology on a daily basis to perform their tasks and contribute to the overall functioning of the organization. | Internal stakeholders in ICT systems responsible for overseeing the strategizing, planning, and implementation of technology within an organization. |
High-level internal stakeholders in ICT systems who make decisions regarding the adoption and utilization of technology to achieve business goals. | A group of internal stakeholders responsible for managing and maintaining the organization's information technology infrastructure. |
Finance Department | Human Resources |
Project Managers | Technical Support |
Quality Assurance | Shareholders |
Customers | Suppliers |
An internal stakeholder that plays a role in hiring, training, and managing employees who use technology within the organization. | An internal stakeholder that oversees the budgeting and financial aspects related to the acquisition and maintenance of technology. |
A group of internal stakeholders who provide assistance and troubleshooting for technology users within the organization. | Internal stakeholders who oversee the planning, execution, and monitoring of technology projects to ensure successful implementation. |
Individuals or entities that own shares of a company and have a financial interest in its performance. | An internal stakeholder that ensures the functionality and performance of technology systems meet established standards and requirements. |
Companies or individuals that provide goods or services to another company. | Individuals or businesses that purchase goods or services from a company. |
Government | Creditors |
Competitors | Media |
Regulators | Trade Unions |
Literature Review | Technical Research |
Entities that lend money to a company in exchange for repayment with interest. | The governing body of a country or region that enforces laws and regulations affecting businesses. |
Organizations or platforms that distribute news and information to the public. | Companies or businesses that offer similar goods or services in the same market. |
Organizations that represent workers in negotiations with employers regarding wages, working conditions, and other employment-related issues. | Government agencies or bodies responsible for overseeing and enforcing laws and regulations in a specific industry. |
Conducting in-depth research to develop new technologies or improve existing ones, based on scientific principles and methodologies. | A critical analysis of existing literature on a specific topic, highlighting gaps, trends, and contributions to the field. |
Current System | Competitor Analysis |
Case Study | Use Cases |
Entity Relationship Diagram | System Architecture Diagram |
Pseudocode | Mockup |
Assessing and evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of competitors within a specific market or industry to gain strategic insights and advantages. | The existing framework or system in place that is being used in a particular context, subject to evaluation and potential improvement. |
Use cases are descriptions of how users interact with the system to achieve a particular goal, providing a detailed view of the system's functionality. | A research method that involves in-depth exploration of a single individual, group, or event to analyze its effects and implications. |
A diagram that shows the structure of a system, including its components and how they interact. | A visual representation of the relationships between entities in a database. |
A visual representation or model of a design, used to showcase the layout and functionality of a product. | A high-level description of a computer program or algorithm using a mixture of natural language and informal programming language syntax. |
Flowchart | In Scope |
Out Of Scope | Success Criteria |
Scope Statement | Project Scope |
Scope Creep | System Design Cycle |
Refers to the boundaries and limits of a project, including the activities, deliverables, and resources that are considered part of the project. | A visual representation of a process or algorithm that uses different shapes and arrows to illustrate the sequence of steps and decision points. |
The specific metrics or conditions that must be met in order to determine if a project has been successful. | Refers to the activities, deliverables, and resources that are not included in the project and are considered beyond the boundaries of the project. |
The total amount of work required to complete a project and the boundaries within which the project must be executed. | A document that outlines the project's deliverables, objectives, requirements, and constraints, including what is included in scope and what is out of scope. |
The systematic process of designing and developing a system from its conception to implementation. | Occurs when the project's boundaries and limits are expanded without proper approval, leading to additional work that was not initially planned. |
Requirements Analysis | System Architecture |
Implementation | Testing |
Deployment | Maintenance |
Iteration | Waterfall Model |
The high-level structure of a system that defines its components, interfaces, and data. | The stage in the system design cycle where the needs and constraints of the system are identified and documented. |
The process of evaluating the system to ensure that it meets the specified requirements. | The stage in the system design cycle where the system is built and put into use. |
The ongoing process of updating, monitoring, and supporting the system post-deployment. | The phase where the system is released for its intended users. |
A software development model in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards through the phases of conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing, production/implementation, and maintenance. | The process of repeating the system design cycle to refine and enhance the system over time. |
Agile Model | Spiral Model |
Iterative Model | Incremental Model |
Models | Incremental |
Iterative | Adaptability |
An iterative software development approach that emphasizes risk management through multiple cycles of development | A software development methodology that prioritizes flexibility, collaboration, and customer feedback through iterative and incremental development. |
A software development approach where the project is divided into smaller parts, with each part delivered and tested in stages, adding new functionality with each iteration. | A software development process where a subset of the software is developed and released, with subsequent iterations adding more features and improving quality based on user feedback. |
A development approach where the software product is delivered in small, manageable increments or iterations rather than all at once. | Different approaches or frameworks used in software development to guide the processes involved in building software applications. |
The ability of a development team or project to adjust to changes in requirements, technology, or other factors during the software development lifecycle. | A development approach that involves repeating a process or set of activities in cycles or iterations. |
Collaboration | |
Working together with stakeholders, team members, and other parties involved in the software development process to achieve common goals. | |