| Central Processing Unit | Microprocessor |
| Instruction Set | Clock Speed |
| Cache Memory | Pipeline |
| Multicore | CPU |
| An integrated circuit that contains the processing unit of a computer. | The primary component of a computer that executes instructions and performs calculations. |
| The rate at which a CPU can execute instructions, measured in cycles per second. | A list of all the instructions that a CPU can execute. |
| A technique used by CPUs to improve instruction throughput by overlapping the execution of multiple instructions. | A small, high-speed memory used to store frequently accessed data and instructions. |
| The central processing unit (CPU) is the primary component of a computer that performs most of the processing inside the computer. | A CPU architecture that includes multiple independent processing cores on a single chip. |
| Heatsink | Fan |
| Thermal Paste | Overclocking |
| Liquid Cooling | Finned Heatsink |
| GPU | Parallel Processing |
| Electrical device used to provide airflow and cool down components, such as a CPU, by moving air and dissipating heat. | A device used to dissipate heat away from a component, such as a CPU, by increasing its surface area. |
| Increasing the operating frequency of a CPU beyond its default specifications to achieve higher performance, often requiring improved cooling solutions. | A substance applied between a CPU and a heatsink to enhance thermal conductivity. |
| A type of heatsink with extended metal fins that increase the surface area for better heat dissipation from a CPU or other hot components. | A method of cooling a CPU or other components using a liquid, typically circulating it through tubes and a radiator to dissipate heat more effectively. |
| The ability of GPUs to perform multiple computations simultaneously, greatly increasing their processing power and efficiency. | A specialized electronic circuit that accelerates the creation and rendering of images, video, and animations in a computer system. |
| Graphics Memory | Ray Tracing |
| VRAM | Memory Slots |
| Expansion Slots | Power Connectors |
| Form Factor | Power Supply Unit |
| A rendering technique to generate realistic images by tracing the path of light rays and simulating their interactions with objects. | A dedicated type of memory used by GPUs to store and access data related to graphics processing. |
| Slots on a motherboard where memory modules (RAM) can be inserted to provide additional memory for the computer. | The specific type of memory used by GPUs to store and retrieve data required for video processing and rendering. |
| Connectors on a motherboard that provide power to various components, including the CPU, graphics card, and storage devices. | Slots on a motherboard where expansion cards, such as graphics cards, sound cards, and network cards, can be inserted to enhance the functionality of the computer. |
| A device that converts electrical power from a source to a format that can be used by a computer or electronic device. | The physical size and shape of a motherboard, which determines its compatibility with computer cases and other hardware components. |
| Hits | Misses |
| RAM | Memory Module |
| Virtual Memory | Latency |
| Non-Volatile Memory | Memory Management |
| In cache memory, a miss occurs when the requested data is not found in the cache and needs to be fetched from the main memory. | In cache memory, a hit occurs when the requested data is found in the cache. |
| A small circuit board that contains multiple RAM chips and is inserted into a computer's motherboard to provide additional memory. | Random Access Memory, a type of computer memory that is volatile and temporary, used to store data that can be accessed quickly by the CPU. |
| The delay between the time a memory request is made and the time the data is accessed, measured in nanoseconds. | A technique that uses a portion of the computer's hard drive as an extension of RAM, allowing the system to run more programs simultaneously. |
| Memory management is a process of efficiently allocating and deallocating memory in an operating system to optimize overall system performance. | A type of computer memory that retains data even when power is not supplied, such as ROM or flash memory. |
| Swap Space | Touchscreen |
| Gestures | Trackpad |
| Mouse | Stylus |
| Multi-Touch | Touchpad |
| A touch-sensitive display that allows users to interact with a device by directly touching the screen. | An area of the hard disk used by the operating system as an extension of physical memory (RAM) when the system needs more memory than it currently has. |
| A flat surface on a laptop or input device that is used to control the cursor or perform other functions by moving a finger across it. | Movements or actions made by a user to control or interact with a device, often using touch or motion. |
| A small pen-shaped input device used to interact with touchscreens or graphics tablets by applying pressure or making precise selections. | A hand-held pointing device used to control the cursor on a computer screen by moving it across a flat surface and pressing buttons. |
| A small, flat surface on a laptop or input device that acts as a pointing device, allowing users to move the cursor by sliding a finger along it. | The ability of a touchscreen or touchpad to recognize and respond to multiple simultaneous touch inputs, allowing for gestures like pinch-to-zoom or rotate. |
| Haptic Feedback | Touch-Sensitive |
| Gesture Recognition | Keyboards |
| Mechanical Keyboards | Membrane Keyboards |
| Ergonomic Keyboards | Programmable Keyboards |
| Capable of detecting or responding to touch or pressure, often used to describe surfaces or devices that can be controlled by touch input. | Vibration or tactile sensations produced by a device to provide users with physical feedback or simulate the sensation of touching physical objects. |
| A device used to input text, commands, and other functions into a computer or electronic device. | The ability of a device or software to interpret and respond to specific movements or gestures made by a user, enabling more intuitive interaction. |
| Keyboards that use a thin, flexible membrane layer with pressure pads to register keystrokes. | Keyboards that use mechanical switches for each individual key, providing a tactile and audible feedback when pressed. |
| Keyboards that allow users to customize the functionality and assign macros or shortcuts to specific keys. | Keyboards designed to reduce strain and discomfort during typing by positioning keys and wrist rests at a more natural angle. |
| Pin Pad | ATM |
| POS Terminal | Automated Input Devices |
| Barcode Scanner | Biometric Scanner |
| Optical Character Recognition (OCR) | Microphone Array |
| Automated Teller Machine, a self-service machine that allows banking transactions to be performed. | A device used for entering a personal identification number (PIN) to gain access to a secure system or perform a transaction. |
| Devices that are capable of automatically receiving and processing input from external sources without human intervention. | Point of Sale terminal, a device used to process payments at retail locations. |
| A device that measures unique physical or behavioral characteristics (e.g., fingerprints, iris patterns) to authenticate or identify individuals. | A device that uses light beams to read and decode barcodes, converting them into machine-readable information. |
| A group of microphones that work together to capture and process sound from multiple directions, often used for voice recognition or audio conferencing. | The technology that converts printed or handwritten text into machine-encoded text, enabling computers to recognize and process the text. |
| Voice Recognition | Magnetic Stripe Reader |
| Chip And PIN | Contactless Payment |
| Offline PIN Verification | RFID Reader |
| RFID Tag | NFC Reader |
| A device that reads data from a magnetic stripe on a card or document. | The technology that converts spoken words into text or commands, allowing users to interact with devices using their voice as input. |
| A method of making secure payments using a contactless-enabled card, mobile device, or wearable without the need to physically swipe or insert the card into a terminal. | A technology used for credit and debit card transactions that combines a microchip embedded in the card with a personal identification number (PIN) to provide enhanced security. |
| A device that uses radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to read and capture data from RFID tags. | A method of verifying the PIN on a chip and PIN card without requiring an online connection to the card issuer's server. It enhances security by reducing dependence on network availability. |
| A device that reads Near Field Communication (NFC) tags or cards. | A small device that contains an antenna and a microchip, used for storing and transmitting data wirelessly via RFID technology. |
| Contactless Technology | Document Scanner |
| Scan | Image Sensor |
| Dpi | Flatbed Scanner |
| Duplex Scanning | OCR |
| A device used to convert paper documents into digital format. | A technology that allows communication between devices using radio waves without the need for physical contact. |
| The component of a document scanner that captures the image of a document. | The process of capturing an image of a document using a document scanner. |
| A type of document scanner that has a glass plate on which documents are placed for scanning. | Dots per inch; a measure of the resolution of a document scanner. |
| Optical Character Recognition; the technology used to recognize text in scanned documents. | The capability of a document scanner to scan both sides of a document simultaneously. |
| Voice Recognition System | |
| Speech Recognition | Natural Language Processing |
| Text-To-Speech | Sensor |
| Temperature Sensor | Motion Sensor |
| A system that uses technology to convert spoken words into written text or commands. | Portable Document Format; a file format commonly used for storing scanned documents. |
| A field of study focused on the interaction between computers and human language. | The ability of a machine or computer program to identify and understand spoken language. |
| A device that detects and responds to a physical stimulus | The conversion of written text into spoken words using synthetic voices. |
| A sensor that detects the movement of objects or individuals | A sensor that measures the temperature of its environment |
| Proximity Sensor | Light Sensor |
| Pressure Sensor | Humidity Sensor |
| Accelerometer | Gyroscope |
| Analog To Digital Converter | Magnetic Sensor |
| A sensor that measures the intensity or brightness of light | A sensor that detects the presence or absence of nearby objects |
| A sensor that measures the moisture content or relative humidity in the air | A sensor that measures pressure or force in a medium |
| A sensor that measures orientation and rotational changes | A sensor that measures acceleration forces |
| A device that measures or detects changes in magnetic fields. | A device that converts the continuous analog signal into a discrete digital representation. |
| Magnetometer | Infrared Sensor |
| Ultrasonic Sensor | Ultrasound |
| Transducer | Printer |
| Plotter | Laser Printer |
| A device that senses and detects infrared radiation. | A device used to measure the strength or direction of a magnetic field. |
| Sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing. | An electronic device that measures the distance of an object using ultrasonic waves. |
| A hard copy output device that produces printed text or images on paper. | A device that converts energy from one form to another, such as from electrical to mechanical or vice versa. |
| A printer that uses a laser beam to produce high-quality text and graphics on paper. | A device that uses one or more pens to draw continuous lines on paper, used for producing high-quality graphics or CAD drawings. |
| Inkjet Printer | 3D Printer |
| Extruder | Filament |
| Build Plate | Piezoelectric Printers |
| Inkjet Technology | Thermal Inkjet |
| A device that uses additive manufacturing techniques to create three-dimensional objects. | A printer that propels droplets of ink onto paper to create text or images. |
| The material, typically plastic, used as the printing medium in a 3D printer. | The part of a 3D printer that melts and deposits the printing material layer by layer. |
| Printers that use the piezoelectric effect to create small droplets of ink. | The flat surface where the object being printed is built upon in a 3D printer. |
| A type of inkjet printer where heat is used to vaporize ink and create bubbles that propel the ink onto the paper. | A printing technology that uses tiny droplets of ink to create printed images. |
| Print Resolution | Print Head |
| Monitor | Projector |
| Digital Signage | VR Headset |
| LCD Projector | DLP Projector |
| The part of a printer that contains the nozzles and controls the ejection of ink droplets onto the paper. | The level of detail and sharpness of an image or text produced by a printer. |
| A device that projects visual output onto a surface, such as a wall or screen. | A display device that provides visual output from a computer. |
| A device worn on the head that provides visual output for virtual reality experiences. | Displays used for advertising or information purposes, often in public spaces. |
| A type of projector that uses digital micromirror device (DMD) technology to project images. | A type of projector that uses liquid crystal display technology to project images. |
| LED Projector | Long Throw Projector |
| Full HD Projector | E-Ink Displays |
| Braille Display | Visually Impaired |
| Tactile | Embossed |
| A projector that can project large images from a long distance. | A type of projector that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as the light source. |
| Paper-like displays that mimic the appearance of traditional ink on paper. | A projector that supports a resolution of 1920x1080 pixels. |
| Having a partial or total loss of vision | A device that allows blind or visually impaired individuals to read text through touch by converting digital text into braille |
| Raised or elevated in design, often used in braille printing | Related to the sense of touch |
| Speaker | Headphones |
| Sound Card | Diaphragm |
| Haptic Feedback Devices | Tactile Feedback |
| Force Feedback | Haptic Technology |
| Headphones are a pair of small speakers that are worn over the ears to listen to audio privately. | A speaker is a device that converts electrical signals into sound waves. |
| A thin, flexible material that vibrates to produce sound. | A sound card is a computer hardware component that processes and outputs audio signals to speakers or headphones. |
| The use of touch sensation to communicate information or instructions to the user | Devices that provide tactile feedback to the user through vibrations or other movements |
| Technology that allows users to experience touch-like sensations through various output devices | The sensation of physical resistance or vibration produced by a device in response to user input |
| Immersion | Kinesthetic Sense |
| Wearable Haptic Devices | Embedded Devices |
| Microcontroller | Firmware |
| Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) | Internet Of Things (Iot) |
| The ability to perceive the position and movement of one's own body and limbs | The degree to which a user feels completely absorbed or deeply engaged in a virtual or digital environment |
| Small computer systems designed to perform specific functions within larger electronic systems. | Portable devices that provide haptic feedback and can be worn on the body |
| Software that is permanently stored in non-volatile memory of an embedded device. | Integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. |
| Network of physical devices embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity, enabling them to collect and exchange data. | Operating system designed to handle real-time applications, providing deterministic behavior and precise timing control. |
| Embedded Software | Single-Board Computer |
| Complete computer built on a single circuit board, commonly used in embedded systems. | Software that runs on embedded devices, controlling their functionality and facilitating communication with external systems. |