Operating System Multi-Tasking
Multi-User Kernel
Interrupt Command Line Interface
Graphical User Interface File System

 

The ability of an operating system to run multiple programs or tasks concurrently. A software that acts as an interface between user applications and the computer's hardware.
The core component of an operating system that manages the system's resources and provides basic services for other programs. The ability of an operating system to allow multiple users to use the same computer simultaneously.
An interface that allows a user to interact with an operating system or program by typing commands into a terminal or console. A signal sent to the processor by a device or program to request the processor's attention.
The method used by an operating system to organize and manage the storage of files on a disk. An interface that allows a user to interact with an operating system or program using graphical elements such as windows, icons, and menus.

 

Device Driver Virtual Memory
Process Thread
Deadlock File Allocation Table (FAT)
Disk Defragmentation File Compression

 

A technique used by an operating system to extend the amount of usable memory by temporarily transferring data from RAM to a disk. A software component that allows an operating system to communicate with and control a specific hardware device.
A segment of a sequence that can run independently and simultaneously with other segments within the same process. An instance of a program in execution, including its current state and resources.
A file system used by some operating systems to manage the storage of files on a disk. A situation in which two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for another to release a resource.
The process of reducing the size of a file by encoding its contents using an algorithm that removes redundancy. A process that reorganizes the files on a disk to optimize their placement and improve access times.

 

Encryption System Call
Boot Loader System Tray
Polling Interrupts
Interrupt Vector Polling Loop

 

A request made by a program for a service or resource provided by an operating system's kernel. The process of encoding data to make it secure and prevent unauthorized access or modification.
A feature of a graphical user interface that displays icons for system-related notifications and services. A program that loads the operating system kernel into memory and begins its execution.
Signals sent from hardware or software to the CPU to temporarily suspend the current operation and handle a specific event or condition. A technique used by hardware devices to check the status of a peripheral device by sending repeated requests at regular intervals.
A programming construct that continuously checks for a specific condition or event until it becomes true. A memory address pointer pointing to the location of the interrupt service routine that needs to be executed when an interrupt occurs.

 

Interrupt Request (IRQ) Interrupt Latency
Vectored Interrupts Race Condition
Concurrency Multitasking
Paging Page Table

 

The time delay between the occurrence of an interrupt and the execution of the corresponding interrupt service routine by the CPU. A signal sent by a hardware device to request attention from the CPU by causing an interrupt to be processed.
A situation where the execution of multiple threads or processes in a multitasking system is not synchronized properly, leading to unpredictable outcomes. Interrupts that provide additional information to the CPU about the source, priority, and location of the interrupt service routine to be executed.
The ability of a computer to run multiple applications simultaneously without exhausting available resources. The ability of different parts of a program to be executed out of order or in partial order without affecting the final outcome.
A data structure used to map virtual pages to physical frames, allowing efficient tracking and management of memory addresses. A memory management scheme that eliminates the need for contiguous allocation of physical memory by dividing virtual memory into blocks of physical memory.

 

Physical Frames Address Translation

 

The process of converting virtual addresses used by a program into physical addresses used by the computer's memory. The fixed-size blocks of physical memory that hold the page data, enabling the operating system to swap pages in and out as needed.