Context | ICT System |
Identifying | Physical Environment |
Political Environment | Cultural Environment |
Social Norms | In Scope |
An information and communication technology system used to process and communicate information. | The circumstances or setting in which an ICT system operates. |
The physical surroundings, including natural elements such as landforms, water bodies, and climate. | The process of recognizing or determining the characteristics or nature of something. |
The collective beliefs, customs, values, behaviors of a particular group of people. | The social, economic, and legal factors that impact the governance, policies, and decision-making within a society or country. |
The activities, deliverables, and requirements that are included as part of a project. | The accepted standards of behavior and beliefs established by a particular society or community. |
Out Of Scope | Scope Creep |
Scope Statement | Change Request |
Project Constraints | Project Objectives |
Users | Stakeholders |
The uncontrolled expansion or addition of project scope , leading to potential delays and cost overruns. | The activities, deliverables, and requirements that are explicitly not included as part of a project. |
A document that identifies a change to the project scope and describes the impact on project cost, schedule, quality, or resources. | A document that outlines the project objectives, deliverables, and boundaries, including what is in-scope and out-of-scope. |
The SMART goals that a project aims to achieve within the defined scope. | The limitations, restrictions, or boundaries within which a project must be executed, including factors like time, cost, resources, quality, and scope. |
Individuals or groups who have an interest or investment in a project or organization. | Individuals who interact with a system or software application. |
End Users | Customers |
Clients | Managers |
Shareholders | Developers |
Designers | Investors |
People who purchase goods or services from a business. | The final consumers or users of a product or service. |
Individuals who oversee the operations and activities of a team or organization. | Individuals or organizations that receive professional services from another. |
Individuals or teams responsible for creating software or applications. | Owners or holders of shares in a company. |
Individuals or organizations that provide funds or resources for a project or venture. | People who plan and create the visual and functional aspects of a product or system. |
Existing System | Legacy System |
Paper Based System | Migration |
Digital Transformation | Reliability |
Accessibility | Analog System |
An outdated and often unsupported software or hardware system, still in use by an organization. | An already implemented system that is currently in use. |
The process of transferring data and functionality from one system to another. | A system that relies on physical paper documents for storing and processing information. |
The ability of a system to perform consistently and accurately over a period of time. | The integration of digital technology into all areas of a business to fundamentally change how it operates. |
A system that uses continuous signals or physical quantities to represent and process data, as opposed to digital systems that use discrete values. | The ease with which a system can be accessed, understood, and used by people with disabilities. |
Obsolete System | Internal Constraints |
External Constraints | Resource Constraints |
Legal Constraints | Market Constraints |
Technological Constraints | Environmental Constraints |
Factors within an organization that limit its operations or activities. | A system that is no longer in use or considered relevant, usually due to advancements in technology. |
Limitations in terms of time, money, personnel, or equipment available to an organization. | Factors outside an organization that restrict its operations or activities. |
Limits imposed by the characteristics and dynamics of the market in which an organization operates. | Laws and regulations that impose restrictions on an organization's behavior or operations. |
Restrictions imposed by the natural or physical environment in which an organization operates. | Restrictions arising from the level of technology available or the ability to adopt new technologies. |
Social Constraints | Political Constraints |
Economic Constraints | |
Limitations imposed by political systems, governments, or political factors on an organization. | Restrictions resulting from social norms, values, or cultural factors that affect an organization. |
Restrictions arising from economic conditions, such as inflation, recession, or currency fluctuations. | |