are routed through different network devices to reach their destination.

Scalability is crucial for systems that need to future growth.

Modularity promotes in designing and modifying a system.

9. The layer of the TCP/IP Model is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating connections between applications.

Interoperability can be achieved through the use of protocols.

Modularity allows for of components.

To achieve scalability, a system should be able to increasing amounts of data or users.