The is a security mechanism that restricts the resources a Java application can access.

The JVM loads the class files, verifies them, and executes the in a secure environment.

Java programs are typically compiled into files with a .class extension.

The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) allows multiple threads to run concurrently, which is known as .

One of the main benefits of the JVM is its ability to provide independence for Java applications.

The primary function of the JVM is to convert into machine code.

When a Java program is executed, it is first compiled into , which is the intermediate representation.

Within the JVM, is used to automatically manage memory.

A file is the compiled format of a Java source file, which can be executed by the JVM.