Binary underflow occurs when the result of a calculation is too small to be represented in the allocated .

Right shifts can be used to quickly divide an integer by 2 or a power of , without having to actually perform a division operation.

The arithmetic shift operations in computers are more efficient than the equivalent division or multiplication operations for powers of .

In an arithmetic left shift, the value of the number is effectively multiplied by for each shift operation.

An overflow error occurs when the result of a calculation is too large to be represented in the allocated .