9. The layer of the TCP/IP Model is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating connections between applications.

Interoperability can be achieved through the use of protocols.

is a reliable transportation protocol used in the internet.

In the OSI model, is encapsulated in various layers before being transmitted.

Modularity promotes in designing and modifying a system.

The process of dividing data into smaller units called is known as segmentation.

5. The layer is responsible for transmitting raw data bits over a physical medium.

1. A network stack is a set of that organize the functioning of a network.

2. The is responsible for providing reliable, error-free data transfer.

Scalability is crucial for systems that need to future growth.