9. The layer of the TCP/IP Model is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating connections between applications.

Interoperability ensures that different systems can and work together.

4. The is responsible for routing packets across different networks.

To achieve scalability, a system should be able to increasing amounts of data or users.

The process of dividing data into smaller units called is known as segmentation.

8. The is responsible for logical addressing and routing of packets.