RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of volatile computer memory that serves as the primary workspace for actively used data and instructions within a computer system. It utilises dynamic ram DRAM, a form of memory that stores data in capacitors. This form of memory is much cheaper than static ram, allowing much larger amounts of data to be stored.
What does RAM stand for?
Why do we need RAM?
RAM is much faster than other storage devices like hard drives and SSDs. It provides the CPU with rapid access to data and instructions, enabling quick data retrieval and manipulation. This speed is crucial for the efficient operation of applications and the overall responsiveness of the computer.
Without RAM the computer would have to load data in directly from the HDD, which has significantly slower speeds. This would lead to bottlenecks in processing that would slow down the operation of the computer to the point where it would be unusable.
What is the main function of RAM in a computer?
When is RAM used?
During Bootup
When you power on your computer or restart it, the computer's BIOS or UEFI firmware initializes hardware components and loads the operating system (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux) from non-volatile storage (e.g., a hard drive or SSD) into RAM. The operating system's kernel and essential system files are loaded into RAM during this process.
When software is opened
When you launch a software application (e.g., a web browser, word processor, or video game), the operating system loads the necessary program files and libraries from storage into RAM. This includes executable code, user interface elements, and data structures needed to run the application.
When Files are accessed
When you open a file (e.g., a document, image, or video), the relevant portions of that file are read from storage and loaded into RAM.
What is the main function of RAM during the bootup process?
Virtual Memory
In cases where physical RAM is limited, modern operating systems use a technique called virtual memory. They allocate a portion of the storage device (e.g., a hard drive or SSD) as virtual RAM.
When physical RAM becomes scarce, less frequently used data is moved to this virtual memory, allowing more critical data to remain in physical RAM.
This process, known as paging or swapping, enables efficient memory management.
When a computer runs out of RAM, it may start using a portion of the as virtual memory
Advantages of RAM
Speed
RAM is significantly faster than secondary storage devices like hard drives and SSDs. It provides quick access to data and instructions, which is essential for the rapid execution of applications and tasks.
Data Access
RAM offers random access, which means that any part of the memory can be accessed quickly with nearly the same speed. This is important for efficient data retrieval and manipulation.
Cost
The DRAM used in RAM is cheaper than the SRAM used in cache memory and so can be installed in much greater quantities on a computer system.
Increasing the amount of RAM in a computer can improve its overall
Disadvantages of RAM
Volatility
RAM is volatile memory, meaning that it loses its data when the computer is powered off or restarted. This makes it unsuitable for long-term data storage.
Limited Capacity
RAM has limited capacity compared to secondary storage devices. While you can have multiple gigabytes of RAM, it's still relatively smaller than the storage capacity of hard drives and SSDs, limiting the amount of data that can be held in RAM.
Cost
RAM can be expensive, especially as you aim for larger capacities and higher speeds. This can be a significant cost factor in building or upgrading a computer system.
RAM is a type of memory which means that the data stored in RAM is lost when the computer is powered off
