Integers

Integers are whole numbers that can be positive, negative, or zero, such as -3, 0, 5, etc.

Storing Integers in Python

In Python, you can store integers in variables just like any other data type. For example:

num1 = 10
num2 = -5
num3 = 0

Working with Integer Variables

You can perform operations directly on integer variables and store the results in a new variable. For example:

result = num1 + num2
print(result) # Output: 5

Python integer operations

Addition:

Python provides the + operator to add two integers. For example:

print(3 + 5)

Subtraction:

The - operator is used for subtracting one integer from another. For example:

print(10 - 6)

Multiplication:

For multiplication, Python uses the * operator. For example:

x = 4 * 5
print(x)

Division:

Python has two division operators. The / operator performs normal division and returns a float. For example:

print(10 / 3)  # outputs a floating point value 3.3333
The // operator performs floor division and returns the quotient as an integer. For example:
print(10 // 3) # Outputs a integer value 3

Modulo:

The % operator is used for finding the remainder of division between two integers. For example:

remainder = 10 % 3
print(remainder) #outputs  1

Modulo is used widely within computer science, in everything from encryption to library book verification.

Converting between Integers and Strings

Sometimes, you may need to convert an integer into a string or vice versa. Python allows you to easily convert between these data types using the str() and int() functions. For example, to convert the integer 10 into a string, you can use the str(10) function, which will give you the string "10".

x = 6
x = str(x) # x is now '6', not 6
print(x*2) # Outputs '66', not 12

When you convert a number to a string the mathematical operators no longer work like before. 

'5' + '4'   # '54' 
'4' * 3 # 444 
'5' + 4 #Error
6 / '2' #Error