Introduction to CSS
Cascading Style Sheets(CSS) is a fundamental technology used for styling and formatting web documents. It complements HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) by defining how web content should be presented and visually displayed i n web browsers.
CSS can be added to a HTML page in the form of :
inline-css embedded css external css
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What does CSS stand for?
Colorful Style Sheets
Cascading Style Sheets
Creative Style Sheets
Computer Style Sheets
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Selectors and Declarations
CSS uses selectors t o target HTML elements and declarations to define the style rules for those elements. A declaration consists of a property and a value.
h1 {color: blue ;
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The
determine which elements a style rule applies to.
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Example CSS Sheet
body {
background-color : #f0f0f0 ;
font-family : Arial, sans-serif ;
margin : 0 ;
padding : 0 ;
}
/* Style headings */
h1 {
color : #333 ;
}
/* Style paragraphs */
p {
font-size : 16px ;
line-height : 1 .5 ;
margin-bottom : 20px ;
}
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Which CSS property is used to change the text color of an element?
color
font-size
background-color
text-align
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Inline Stylesheet
Inline styles are applied directly to individual HTML elements using the style attribute.
<p style="color: blue; font-size: 16px;">This is a blue paragraph with a custom font size.</p> Pros:
Quick and easy to implement for individual elements. Useful for making small, one-off styling changes. Cons:
Can result in code repetition if applied to multiple elements. Not well-suited for maintaining consistent styles across multiple pages.
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An
style sheet is used to apply styles to a specific HTML element.
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Embedded Stylesheet
Embedded styles are defined within the HTML document using a <style> element in the document's <head> section.
<head> Pros:
Allows for styling multiple elements within a single HTML document. Provides better organization and separation of concerns compared to inline styles. Cons:
Styles are still within the HTML document, so they are not reusable across multiple pages. May become unwieldy as styles become more complex.
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To use an
style sheet, the style element is used within the head section of an HTML document.
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External Stylesheet
External styles are stored in separate .css files and linked to HTML documents using the <link> element.
<!-- In the HTML document's head section --> /* In the external CSS file (styles.css) */
p { Pros:
Promotes clean separation of HTML and CSS, enhancing code maintainability. Enables the reuse of styles across multiple HTML documents. Easier to manage and update styles in larger projects. Cons:
Requires an additional HTTP request to load the external CSS file. Not suitable for making quick, one-off style changes for individual elements.
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external CSS
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