A Uniform Resource Locator, is a web address that identifies a resource on the internet. URLs are used to specify the location of web pages, files, and other resources on the World Wide Web.
URLs are crucial for navigating and accessing resources on the internet. They provide a standardized way to specify the location of web pages, files, and other online content, allowing users and web browsers to retrieve and display the requested information.
What does URL stand for?
An URL consists of several components that provide information about how to access the resource.
Here is a simple example of an URL
Which part of a URL specifies the protocol being used?
URL schemes are prefixes or protocols that indicate how a resource should be accessed or which application should handle a particular type of URL. Each scheme is associated with a specific protocol or action.
Common schemes:
When you click on a URL with a particular scheme, your device or browser knows how to handle it based on the scheme definition.
What does HTTP stand for?
Subdomain is a part of a larger domain name within the Domain Name System (DNS) hierarchy. Subdomains are used to organize and categorize websites or resources within a domain.
For instance Google use subdomains for their different products:
The most common domain is www, however many websites now use a naked domain without any subdomain prefix.
subdomain
A domain name, is a human-readable and memorable address used to access websites and resources on the internet. It provides a way for users to locate and identify specific websites without needing to remember complex numerical IP.
A website owner chooses their own domain name and then purchases a lease for the domain for a domain name provider, such as 123reg.com.
When user types in a domain name into a web browser the domain name needs to be translated into an IP address before packets can be sent across the internet. This is done through the Domain Name Service system.
Domain Registrar
A top-level domain (TLD) is the highest level of the hierarchical domain name system (DNS) and is found at the rightmost part of a domain name. It's the portion of the domain that follows the last dot (period) in the domain name.
TLDs serve various purposes and can be categorized into different types.
.com: Commercial, widely used for all types of websites.
.org: Organizations, often used by non-profits.
.edu: Educational institutions, such as universities and colleges.
.app: For applications and software.
.blog: For blogs and bloggers.
.us: United States.
.uk: United Kingdom.
.jp: Japan.
.gov: Restricted to U.S. government entities.
.edu: Restricted to educational institutions.
.travel: For the travel and tourism industry.
Top level domain
A port is a numeric identifier used to specify a particular endpoint or communication channel on a networked computer. The port number helps direct network traffic to the appropriate service or application running on the server.
Many network protocols, such as HTTP (used for web browsing) and FTP (used for file transfers), have default port numbers associated with them. For example, HTTP typically uses port 80, while HTTPS (secure HTTP) uses port 443. This means that the user doesn't need to type in the port when typing in the web address.
What is the purpose of a port number in a URL?
What is the default port number for HTTP?
The path component in a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) specifies the location of a specific resource or file on the web server. The path component is used to navigate to a particular directory or file within the website's directory structure.
Which of the following is not a valid URL path?
URL parameters, also known as query parameters or query strings, are used to pass data to a web server or to modify the behavior of a web page. They are typically added to the end of a URL following a question mark ? and are composed of key-value pairs separated by ampersands &.
https://example.com/search?q=keywords&page=1
Here the parameters are used to specify that we want to search for "keywords" and view page 1 of the search result.
URL fragments, also known as anchor fragments, are used to identify a specific section or anchor point within a web page. They are indicated by a hash symbol # followed by a fragment identifier.
For example:
https://example.com/page#section2
What is the purpose of URL fragments?
Which symbol is used to separate the URL fragment from the rest of the URL?